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. 2020 Jan 24;15(1):e0228206. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228206

Fig 1. Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates for the risk of Alzheimer’s disease associated with periodontitis.

Fig 1

(A) Using instrumental SNPs from Munz et al. for periodontitis. (B) Using instrumental SNPs from Shungin et al. for periodontitis. MR estimates were calculated using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method to summarize the effect from each individual single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a random effects model. Odds ratio (OR) represents the risk of Alzheimer’s disease per genetically determined 1-unit increase in ln (OR) of periodontitis. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval of the odds ratio. AD: Alzheimer’s disease; IV: instrumental variable.