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. 2020 Jan 24;15(1):e0228227. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228227

Fig 4. Expression of inactive Spa47 mutants within a wild-type Shigella background produces dominant negative effects on pathogen virulence.

Fig 4

The negative impact of expressing inactive Spa47 mutants in the presence of wild-type Spa47 is shown using red blood cell hemolysis and cellular invasion assays (relative to a Shigella strain constitutively expressing wild-type Spa47 from a single gene). The data represent the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments spanning at least two biological replicates. *Indicates a significant difference in phenotype relative to the wild-type Spa47 strain (one-way ANOVA followed by a Dunnett’s post test, p ≤ 0.05)).