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. 2020 Jan 24;15(1):e0228205. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228205

Table 1. General characteristics of study participants across categories of whole-day water intakea.

Whole-day water intake (n. of glasses/d)
<2 2–5 6–8 >8 P-valueb
Age, y 37.7±7.5 36.4±8.1 35.2±8.5 35.9±9.1 <0.001
BMI, kg/m2 24.7±4.7 24.5±4.0 25.07±4.7 25.01±4.9 0.17
Female, % 69.9 55 44.4 38.3 <0.001
Obesity, % 41.4 40.7 42.8 41 0.90
Married, % 81.8 82.3 79.2 71.8 <0.001
Current smokers, % 4.8 3.6 2.4 3.3 0.31
Supplement use, % 7.1 7.8 7.3 6.8 0.86
GI medications use, % 24.4 22.8 22.3 26.8 0.35
Antipsychotic medications use, % 5.1 4.9 4.0 6.8 0.33
Regular meal pattern, % <0.001
    Often or always 52.3 59.3 63.6 58.9
    Never or occasionally 47.7 40.7 36.4 41.1
Tooth loss, % <0.001
    Have all teeth 27.7 34.9 35.5 33
    Lost 1–5 teeth 60 57.7 57.7 60.7
    Lost >5 teeth 12.2 7.3 6.8 6.3
Depression, % 32.3 50.7 12.8 4.2 <0.001

aData are mean ± standard deviation (SD) or percent.

bObtained from ANOVA or chi-square test, where appropriate.