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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Nov 15;206:107715. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107715

Table 1.

Association of menthol cigarette use with eight WISDM constructs.

Dimensions of nicotine dependence and corresponding survey question Menthol
Non-Menthol
Weighted Mean (95% CI)a Weighted Beta (95% CI)b p Weighted Mean (95% CI)
Craving
I frequently crave cigarettes.
2.4 (2.2,2.6) 0.48 (0.15,0.82) 0.005* 1.9 (1.8,2.1)
Tolerance
I usually want to smoke a cigarette right after I wake up.
3.1 (2.8,3.3) 0.73 (0.26,1.21) 0.003* 2.4 (2.1,2.7)
Automaticity
I find myself reaching for cigarettes without thinking about it.
2.5 (2.3,2.7) 0.27 (−0.07,0.62) 0.12 2.2 (1.9,2.3)
Loss of control
My cigarette use is out of control.
1.8 (1.6,2.0) 0.32 (0.02,0.63) 0.04 1.6 (1.4,1.8)
Negative reinforcement
Smoking helps me feel better if I’ve been feeling down.
2.6 (2.4,2.8) 0.24 (−0.01,0.58) 0.15 2.4 (2.2,2.6)
Cognitive enhancement
Smoking cigarettes helps me think better.
2.2 (1.9,2.4) 0.33 (0.03,0.62) 0.03 1.9 (1.7,2.1)
Affiliative attachment
I would feel alone without my cigarettes.
1.6 (1.5,1.8) 0.34 (0.10,0.57) 0.005* 1.3 (1.2,1.4)
Social environment
Most of the people I spend time with smoke cigarettes.
3.3 (3.2,3.6) 0.26 (−0.07,0.60) 0.12 3.0 (2.8,3.2)
a

Weighted means and standard errors of WISDM scores (range = 1–5).

b

Weighted linear regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals, after adjustment for race, gender, age, and other tobacco product use.

*

p significant at 0.05 after Benjamini-Hochberg correction.