Table 3. Baseline (week 1) and post-intervention (week 8) scores for balance and physical performance tests before and after training for inspiratory muscle training (IMT, n = 11) and Otago exercise program (OEP, n = 14) groups.
| IMT | OEP | P-Values | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | Baseline | Post-intervention | % change | Baseline | Post-intervention | % change | Between groups change |
| Mini-BEST A | 19.0 ± 4.1 | 24.2 ± 2.7 ** | 24 ± 34 | 14.6 ± 4.9 | 19.5 ± 3.5 ** | 34 ± 28 | NS |
| Anticipatory | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 13 ± 50 | 3.6 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 0.9 ** | 36 ± 80 | NS |
| Reactive | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 5.0 ± 1.3 ** | 79 ± 31 | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 3.7 ± 1.1 ** | 95 ± 42 | NS |
| Sensory A | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 6 ± 12 | 3.6 ± 1.7 | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 22 ± 29 | NS |
| Dynamic | 5.8 ± 1.8 | 8.5 ± 1.4 ** | 47 ± 22 | 5.5 ± 2.0 | 6.5 ± 1.7 | 18 ± 15 | P = 0.04 |
| 30sSTS (nSTS) | 13.2 ± 4.4 | 15.2 ± 5.1 | 15 ± 16 | 9.3 ± 4.6 | 10.8 ± 4.2 | 16 ± 9 | NS |
| 30sSTSPA (nSTS) | 13.4 ± 5.1 | 17.5 ± 6.3 † | 31± 23 | 10.0 ± 4.6 | 12.0 ± 5.6 | 20 ± 22 | NS |
| 30sSTS vs 30 sSTSPA (Δ nSTS) | 0.2 ± 1.6 | 0.8 ± 1.6 | 0.7 ± 1.7 | 1.2 ± 2.3 | NS | ||
| Sit-up (s) | 32.2 ± 27.2 | 56.4 ± 48.4 | 75 ± 78 | N/A | N/A | ||
| Biering-Sørensen test (s) (n = 9) | 69.8 ± 46.1 | 109.3 ± 66.7 | 56 ± 137 | N/A | N/A | ||
Data are mean ± standard deviation. The mini-BEST test has a maximum score (MS) of 28, and it is composed of four component Anticipatory MS 6; Reactive postural control MS 6; Sensory orientation MS 6; Dynamic gait MS 10. 30sSTS = 30 seconds sit to stand, 30sSTSPA = 30sSTS prior inspiratory muscles activation, nSTS = number of sit to stand completed.
A = group were significantly different at baseline (P ≤ 0.01)
** Significantly different from baseline (P ≤ 0.01)
† Significantly different from non-pre-inspiratory muscle activation condition (P ≤ 0.05), NS = not significant. N/A = not applicable.