Table 1.
Weighted Characteristics and Bivariate Associations between Ever Use Groups among Youth in the National Youth Tobacco Survey 2016–2017
| Total Sample n=36,841; N=52,032,641 | Never Users of Tobacco (n=23,077; 63.7%) % (95% CI) | E-cigarette Ever Usersb (n=5,491; 15.2%) % (95% CI) | Cannabis in E-cigarette Ever Users (n=3,758; 10.0%) % (95% CI) | Other Tobacco Users (n=4,515; 11.1%) % (95% CI) | p-valuec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| na | % (95% CI) | ||||||
| State-Level Policies | |||||||
| Cannabis Policy | <0.01 | ||||||
| None or limited | 17,713 | 43.4 (35.2–52.0) | 42.6 (34.3–51.4) | 46.3 (37.5–55.4) | 37.9 (29.4–47.3) | 48.7 (40.0–57.5) | |
| Medical | 16,811 | 48.2 (39.8–56.6) | 49.0 (40.4–57.6) | 45.3 (36.7–54.3) | 51.4 (42.1–60.6) | 44.3 (36.0–53.0) | |
| Medical and recreational | 2,317 | 8.4 (4.3–15.9) | 8.4 (4.3–15.8) | 8.4 (4.2–15.9) | 10.7 (5.1–21.0) | 6.9 (3.4–13.7) | |
| Restrictions on Minor E-cigarette Sales | 0.01 | ||||||
| 18 years old | 31,996 | 84.8 (77.3–90.1) | 84.2 (76.1–89.9) | 87.2 (80.6–91.8) | 81.4 (71.7–88.4) | 87.8 (81.4–92.2) | |
| No policy in effect in 2016 | 1,582 | 3.2 (1.4–7.3) | 3.0 (1.3–6.9) | 3.5 (1.5–8.4) | 3.8 (1.6–8.6) | 3.2 (1.4–7.4) | |
| 19 or 21 years old | 3,263 | 12.0 (7.2–19.3) | 12.8 (7.6–20.7) | 9.2 (5.4–15.2) | 14.8 (8.4–24.6) | 12.0 (7.2–19.3) | |
| Comprehensive Smoke-free Indoor Laws | 14,802 | 46.6 (37.9–55.5) | 47.0 (38.1–56.1) | 45.7 (36.7–54.9) | 51.0 (41.1–60.8) | 41.3 (32.8–50.4) | 0.02 |
| Cigarette Tax, mean (SD) | 1.62 | 1.71 (0.09) | 1.72 (0.09) | 1.68 (0.10) | 1.76 (0.10) | 1.64 (0.10) | 0.41 |
| Tobacco Perceptions and Exposures | |||||||
| Harm of E-cigarette Use Some Days | <0.001 | ||||||
| A lot of harm | 9,788 | 27.1 (26.2–28.1) | 34.1 (33.0–35.3) | 7.1 (6.2–8.1) | 13.8 (12.3–15.6) | 26.2 (24.5–28.0) | |
| Some harm | 12,816 | 36.5 (35.7–37.4) | 40.5 (39.5–41.4) | 26.2 (24.7–27.8) | 28.9 (26.6–31.3) | 34.9 (32.9–36.7) | |
| Little harm | 9,669 | 27.3 (26.4–28.1) | 20.7 (19.9–21.6) | 48.2 (46.5–49.9) | 37.8 (35.3–40.3) | 26.7 (25.1–28.3) | |
| No harm | 3,570 | 9.1 (8.5–9.7) | 4.7 (4.2–5.2) | 18.5 (17.2–19.8) | 19.5 (17.4–21.7) | 12.2 (11.1–13.5) | |
| Ease of Peers Buying Tobacco | <0.001 | ||||||
| Not easy at all | 12,344 | 34.4 (32.9–36.0) | 39.3 (37.5–41.1) | 24.2 (22.3–26.2) | 21.2 (19.2–23.3) | 32.3 (30.0–34.7) | |
| Somewhat easy | 15,890 | 45.2 (43.9–46.4) | 45.7 (44.1–47.2) | 47.2 (45.1–49.2) | 41.6 (39.4–43.8) | 42.4 (40.5–44.4) | |
| Easy | 7,329 | 20.4 (19.5–21.4) | 15.0 (14.3–15.8) | 28.6 (26.9–30.4) | 37.2 (35.1–39.4) | 25.3 (23.5–27.2) | |
| Someone in Home Uses Tobacco | 12,717 | 36.7 (34.9–38.6) | 27.8 (25.9–29.7) | 55.7 (53.5–57.9) | 55.9 (52.9–58.9) | 46.0 (43.6–48.3) | <0.001 |
| Secondhand Smoke in Public | 17,901 | 52.0 (50.8–53.3) | 46.6 (45.2–47.9) | 64.4 (62.6–66.3) | 67.4 (65.1–69.6) | 53.4 (51.2–55.6) | <0.001 |
| Secondhand Vapor in Public | 8,879 | 26.2 (25.0–27.4) | 18.3 (17.2–19.4) | 46.1 (43.6–48.7) | 51.3 (48.5–54.1) | 22.5 (20.8–24.2) | <0.001 |
| E-cigarette Ad Exposure, mean (SD) | 8.9 | 8.8 (0.08) | 8.5 (0.09) | 9.4 (0.09) | 9.8 (0.11) | 8.9 (0.11) | <0.001 |
| Sociodemographic variables | |||||||
| Year | <0.001 | ||||||
| 2016 | 19,969 | 50.7 (41.7–59.6) | 49.5 (40.3–58.6) | 55.7 (46.2–64.8) | 45.2 (35.8–54.9) | 55.7 (46.5–64.5) | |
| 2017 | 16,872 | 49.3 (40.4–58.3) | 50.5 (41.4–59.7) | 44.3 (35.2–53.8) | 54.8 (45.1–64.2) | 44.3 (35.4–53.5) | |
| Household Median Income, mean (SD) | 5.96 | 6.06 (0.08) | 6.09 (0.08) | 5.95 (0.08) | 6.09 (0.09) | 5.95 (0.08) | <0.001 |
| Unemployment Rate, mean (SD) | 4.8 | 4.7 (0.05) | 4.7 (0.05) | 4.7 (0.06) | 4.7 (0.06) | 4.7 (0.05) | 0.32 |
| Speak Other Language | 11,044 | 28.0 (25.6–30.5) | 27.0 (24.3–29.8) | 26.4 (23.8–29.3) | 32.7 (29.6–36.0) | 32.1 (29.3–35.0) | <0.001 |
| Difficulty Focusing | 5,535 | 15.4 (14.8–16.0) | 11.6 (11.0–12.2) | 20.8 (19.4–22.2) | 27.5 (25.5–29.6) | 19.4 (17.8–21.0) | <0.001 |
| Age | <0.001 | ||||||
| 12 years or younger | 7,383 | 19.4 (17.7–21.3) | 25.2 (23.1–27.4) | 7.3 (5.9–9.1) | 6.8 (5.4–8.5) | 14.3 (12.5–16.4) | |
| 13–15 years old | 16,013 | 44.9 (43.7–46.0) | 47.9 (46.7–49.0) | 41.8 (39.6–44.0) | 33.2 (31.0–35.4) | 42.2 (39.8–44.6) | |
| 16–17 years old | 10,270 | 27.7 (25.9–29.5) | 21.6 (19.8–23.6) | 38.7 (36.5–41.0) | 43.9 (41.4–46.4) | 32.8 (30.5–35.1) | |
| 18 years or older | 3,038 | 8.0 (7.4–8.7) | 5.3 (4.7–6.0) | 12.2 (10.9–13.5) | 16.1 (14.7–17.7) | 10.7 (9.5–12.1) | |
| Female | 18,191 | 49.3 (48.4–50.2) | 51.1 (50.1–52.0) | 47.0 (44.8–49.1) | 44.7 (42.1–47.3) | 46.5 (44.4–48.7) | <0.001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||||||
| White | 16,660 | 56.8 (53.5–60.1) | 57.5 (53.9–61.1) | 62.7 (59.1–66.1) | 54.2 (50.0–58.2) | 46.6 (42.8–50.4) | |
| Black | 6,063 | 12.9 (11.2–14.9) | 12.9 (11.1–15.0) | 8.5 (7.3–10.1) | 12.1 (9.9–14.7) | 20.2 (17.2–23.5) | |
| Hispanic | 9,909 | 24.7 (22.2–27.3) | 23.1 (20.5–25.9) | 25.1 (22.3–28.2) | 30.2 (26.6–34.1) | 28.4 (25.4–31.5) | |
| Asian | 1,782 | 4.3 (3.5–5.3) | 5.4 (4.3–6.7) | 2.3 (1.7–3.1) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 3.1 (2.4–4.1) | |
| Other | 865 | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 2.0 (1.5–2.6) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | |
a
Unweighted sample size for categorical variables and mean for continuous variables
b
E-cigarette ever users have never used marijuana, THC or hash oil, or THC wax in an e-cigarette device.
c
Bivariate tests included Pearson’s Chi Square for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables at a statistical significance of 0.05.