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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 7.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2019 Nov 7;25(11):1728–1732. doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0626-9

Fig. 1. Genomic evidence for Lactobacillus rhamnosus transmission from probiotic capsule to the blood of patients.

Fig. 1.

(a) Schematic for whole-genome sequencing of Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic isolates, blood isolates from ICU patients (n=6) receiving probiotics, and blood isolates from non-ICU patients (n=4) who were not receiving probiotics. Black circles represent sequencing multiple individual colonies for each probiotic batch but a single colony for each blood isolate. (b) Similarity between L. rhamnosus isolates and available reference genomes shown as the fraction of reads aligned to each reference. Isolates are identified by their source: four representative isolates from each of three probiotic product batches, the six blood isolates from patients receiving probiotics, and the four blood L. rhamnosus isolates from patients not receiving probiotics. (c) Phylogenetic analysis of all 54 sequenced L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) isolates: 16 isolates from each of 3 separate probiotic batches (blue), and the 6 blood isolates from Patients R1 to R6 (magenta).