Table II.

Neuroimaging studies that have implicated left hemisphere language regions and/or their right hemisphere homologues in treatment-related naming recovery. Included studies administered explicit naming treatment or provided general language treatment and utilized functional tasks intended to tap into naming or naming-related processes (e.g., semantic processing tasks). Checkmarks indicate that a region was implicated by a given study; annotations indicate that results were specific to a particular task, participant, or subsection of IFG (explanations are provided below the table). Gray shading highlights studies that primarily found reductions in activation after treatment or that found a relationship between decreased activation and behavioral improvement. Note that this table is not a comprehensive summary of all results from these studies; rather, it is intended to highlight findings associated with the ROIs investigated in the present study.

Annotations:

^*results for one of two participants

^**activation associated with an ROI including Brodmann areas 44-47; J: results associated with semantic judgment task; N: results associated with naming task; P: results associated with items trained via PCA; S: results associated with items trained via SFA; St: results for patient whose aphasia was caused by stroke; T: results for patient whose aphasia was caused by TBI.

Abbreviations: PCA: phonological components analysis; PPA: primary progressive aphasia; SFA: semantic feature analysis; TBI: traumatic brain injury; AG: angular gyrus; IFG: inferior frontal gyrus; op: pars opercularis; tri: pars triangularis; MFG: middle frontal gyrus; MTG: middle temporal gyrus; PCG: precentral gyrus; SMG: supramarginal gyrus