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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2020 Jan 13;26(1):91–97. doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0713-y

Figure 2. Risk of Lead Exposure and Cognition.

Figure 2.

Overall cognitive function declined most steeply with increasing risk of environmental lead exposure in children of low-income parents. Error bars represent ±1 between-subjects standard error of the observed means. The solid lines represent means of the marginal fitted values of the model; the shaded area surrounding the solid lines represent ±1 between-subjects standard error of those means. Analysis employed linear mixed-effects models, which tested the statistical significance of coefficients against a t-distribution. Age, sex, parental education, and race/ethnicity were included as covariates in this analysis.