Table 5.

Multinomial Logistic Regression Predicting CPT/PE Initiation and Timing (n = 265,556)

	No CPT/PE vs. Early CPT/PE			Delayed CPT/PE vs. Early CPT/PE
	RRRa	CI95	p	RRRb	CI95	p
Bipolar Disorder	1.14	1.08–1.20	<0.001	1.27	1.20–1.34	<0.001
Depressive Disorder	0.89	0.86–1.92	<0.001	1.37	1.32–1.43	<0.001
Other Psychotic Spectrum Disorder	1.15	1.03–1.29	0.011	1.16	1.03–1.31	0.016
Pain Disorder	0.86	0.83–0.89	<0.001	1.35	1.30–1.42	<0.001
Schizophrenia	1.52	1.28–1.82	<0.001	0.90	0.74–1.09	0.293
Any Substance Use Disorderc	0.97	0.94–1.00	0.078	1.32	1.26–1.37	<0.001
Suicidal Ideation or Attempt	0.81	0.77–0.86	<0.001	1.21	1.14–1.28	<0.001
Traumatic Brain Injury	0.71	0.68–0.74	<0.001	1.00	0.95–1.04	0.885
Age	0.98	0.98–0.99	<0.001	0.99	0.99–0.99	<0.001
Gender (Ref: Male)
Female	0.85	0.80–0.99	<0.001	0.87	0.82–0.93	<0.001
Race (Ref: White)
Black or African American	1.07	1.03–1.11	0.001	1.16	1.10–1.22	<0.001
American Indian or Alaska Native	0.96	0.84–1.10	0.551	1.11	0.85–1.29	0.180
Asian	0.99	0.86–1.08	0.916	0.92	0.80–1.06	0.236
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0.94	0.82–1.06	0.357	1.02	0.87–1.19	0.810
Multiracial	1.00	0.88–1.15	0.945	1.05	0.90–1.23	0.517
Missing	1.06	1.00–1.13	0.058	0.93	0.86–1.00	0.045
Marital Status (Ref: Married)
Never married	1.03	0.99–1.07	0.139	0.91	0.87–0.96	<0.001
Divorced, Separated, or Single	1.14	1.10–1.19	<0.001	1.06	1.01–1.10	0.016
Widowed, Widower, or Widow	1.20	0.90–1.59	0.221	0.98	0.70–1.36	0.893
Missing	0.95	0.86–1.06	0.404	0.78	0.68–0.89	<0.001
Service Branch (Ref: Air Force)
Army	1.08	1.01–1.14	0.019	1.11	1.03–1.20	0.005
Coast Guard	2.54	1.11–5.80	0.027	1.86	0.72–4.78	0.200
Marine	0.91	0.85–0.98	0.009	0.95	0.87–1.03	0.192
Navy	1.05	0.97–1.14	0.193	1.00	0.88–1.07	0.616
Component (Ref: Active Duty)
Guard	0.98	0.94–1.02	0.357	1.05	1.00–1.10	0.075
Reserve	0.89	0.85–0.94	<0.001	0.95	0.90–1.01	0.084
Rank (Ref: Enlisted)
Officer	0.72	0.67–0.77	<0.001	0.84	0.77–0.92	<0.001
Warrant	0.96	0.80–1.16	0.675	0.77	0.61–0.97	0.030
Number of Deployments (Ref: Single)
Multiple	0.90	0.88–0.93	<0.001	0.99	0.96–1.03	0.638
Missing	0.83	0.66–1.04	0.100	0.91	0.70–1.19	0.500
Military Sexual Trauma	0.73	0.68–0.78	<0.001	1.09	1.01–1.18	0.026
Smokingd	1.19	1.13–1.26	<0.001	1.06	1.00–1.13	0.050
PTSD Medicatione	0.67	0.64–0.69	<0.001	0.56	0.54–0.58	<0.001
Year of First Mental Health Visit (Ref: 2001–2004)
2005	0.57	0.38–0.87	0.010	0.62	0.39–0.92	0.019
2006	0.24	0.16–0.35	<0.001	0.26	0.18–0.39	<0.001
2007	0.11	0.07–0.16	<0.001	0.11	0.07–0.16	<0.001
2008	0.07	0.05–0.11	<0.001	0.07	0.05–0.10	<0.001
2009	0.06	0.04–0.09	<0.001	0.05	0.04–0.08	<0.001
2010	0.06	0.04–0.08	<0.001	0.05	0.03–0.07	<0.001
2011	0.05	0.04–0.08	<0.001	0.04	0.03–0.07	<0.001
2012	0.04	0.03–0.06	<0.001	0.04	0.02–0.05	<0.001
2013	0.04	0.02–0.05	<0.001	0.03	0.02–0.04	<0.001
2014	0.03	0.02–0.04	<0.001	0.01	0.01–0.02	<0.001
2015–2017	0.03	0.02–0.04	<0.001	0.01	0.01–0.01	<0.001

Note. CI₉₅, 95% confidence interval; CPT, cognitive processing therapy; PE, prolonged exposure therapy; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; RRR, relative risk ratio.

^aRRR with early initiation of CPT/PE as the reference category vs. no initiation of CPT/PE.

^bRRR with early initiation of CPT/PE as the reference category vs. delayed initiation of CPT/PE.

^cAny substance use disorder refers to the presence of any alcohol/drug abuse and/or dependence.

^dSmoking in the year prior to the first mental health visit, identified using stop codes, ICD codes, and current procedural terminology codes for medications for smoking cessation and nicotine use.

^eDocumented prescription of one or more of the following medications that are recommended to treat PTSD in the year prior to the first mental health visit or at any time in the year after the first mental health visit: amitriptyline, citalopram, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, imipramine, mirtazapine, paroxetine, prazosin, sertraline, or venlafaxine.