Table 2.

Characteristics of Community Programs using Rewards by Extent of Training in Reward-based Interventions

Program Features	6+ Hours of Training (n = 35)	<6 Hours Training (n = 63)	Total Providers Using Rewards (N=98)
Program type
Fishbowl or prizes	10 (34%)	12 (25%)	22 (28%)
Vouchers	5 (17%)	5 (10%)	10 (13%)
Stars/tokens	4 (13%)	4 (8%)	8 (10%)
Cash	1 (3%)	1 (2%)	2 (3%)
Other	9 (30%)	16 (33%)	25 (32%)
Don’t know	1 (3%)	11 (22%)	12 (14%)
Types of rewards
Praise	27 (77%)	44 (70%)	71 (72%)
Certificates (e.g., attendance, completion)	22 (63%)	35 (56%)	57 (58%)
Food items in clinic	14 (40%)	25 (40%)	39 (40%)
Small tangible items	11 (31%)	24 (38%)	35 (36%)
Status recognition	11 (31%)	24 (38%)	35 (36%)
Gift certificates	14 (40%)	18 (29%)	32 (33%)
Activities, group outings	13 (37%)	14 (22%)	27 (28%)
Medallions, buttons	8 (23%)	15 (24%)	23 (24%)
Clinic privileges	7 (20%)	14 (22%)	21 (21%)
Large tangible items	7 (20%)	8 (13%)	15 (15%)
Home/community privileges	4 (11%)	11 (18%)	15 (15%)
Modified treatment schedule	2 (6%)	8 (13%)	10 (10%)
Behavioral target
Attendance to treatment sessions	23 (66%)	34 (54%)	57 (58%)
Abstinence (multiple drug classes)	16 (46%)	20 (32%)	36 (37%)
Treatment activities	8 (23%)	20 (32%)	28 (29%)
Abstinence (alcohol)	13 (37%)	14 (22%)	27 (28%)
12-step attendance	8 (23%)	19 (30%)	27 (28%)
Homework completion	10 (29%)	16 (25%)	26 (27%)
Abstinence (single drug or drug class)	9 (26%)	12 (19%)	21 (21%)
Medication adherence	5 (14%)	6 (10%)	11 (11%)
Abstinence (nicotine)	4 (11%)	2 (3%)	6 (6%)

Notes. Values represent n (%). Program type was missing responses from 19 individuals. For the types of rewards offered and the behavioral targets, providers could select all that applied to their program.