Table 2.
Hazard ratios for incident melanoma according to frequency of citrus consumption
| Serving Category | P for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Citrus | <2/wk | 2–4/wk | 5–6/wk | 1–1.4/d | 1.5+/d | |
| No. of person-years | 248,899 | 193,710 | 90,868 | 216,254 | 132,152 | |
| No. of cases | 245 | 224 | 85 | 243 | 159 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | (ref) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.42) | 0.96 (0.75, 1.22) | 1.16 (0.97, 1.38) | 1.24 (1.01, 1.51) | 0.05 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) | (ref) | 1.14 (0.95, 1.37) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.16) | 1.06 (0.88, 1.28) | 1.12 (0.91, 1.37) | 0.45 |
| Citrus Juice | <1/wk | 1/wk | 2–4/wk | 5–6/wk | 1+/d | |
| No. of person-years | 382,946 | 78,667 | 148,035 | 53,658 | 218,576 | |
| No. of cases | 402 | 72 | 145 | 62 | 275 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | (ref) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.12) | 0.95 (0.78, 1.14) | 1.10 (0.85, 1.44) | 1.21 (1.03, 1.41) | 0.01 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) | (ref) | 0.86 (0.67, 1.11) | 0.95 (0.78, 1.15) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) | 1.13 (0.96, 1.32) | 0.11 |
| Citrus Fruit | Never | <1/wk | 1/wk | 2–4/wk | 5+/wk | |
| No. of person-years | 146,291 | 338,313 | 114,702 | 124,254 | 158,323 | |
| No. of cases | 143 | 384 | 129 | 133 | 167 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | (ref) | 1.15 (0.95, 1.40) | 1.15 (0.90, 1.46) | 1.10 (0.87, 1.39) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.36) | 0.87 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) | (ref) | 1.05 (0.86, 1.28) | 1.03 (0.81, 1.31) | 0.97 (0.76, 1.23) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.20) | 0.44 |
| Non-Citrus Fruit/Juice | <0.75/d | 0.75–1.2/d | 1.3–1.9/d | 2.0–2.9/d | 3+/d | |
| No. of person-years | 143,368 | 180,183 | 212,029 | 192,722 | 153,580 | |
| No. of cases | 155 | 187 | 229 | 215 | 170 | |
| Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | (ref) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.19) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.23) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.28) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.29) | 0.52 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) | (ref) | 0.92 (0.73, 1.14) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.11) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.14) | 0.92 (0.73, 1.15) | 0.63 |
Multivariable-adjusted HRs were adjusted for age (continuous), BMI (<25.0, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, ≥35.0 kg/m2), education (less than high school graduate, high school graduate, some college, college graduate), physical activity (inactive, low activity, moderate activity, high activity), alcohol consumption (continuous), history of NMSC (yes, no), regional solar radiation (300–325, 350, 375–380, 400–430, 475–500 Langleys), skin reaction to sun (no burns, with or without tanning; burns, with or without tanning), average daily time outdoors currently (<30min, 30min - 2hrs, 2+ hrs), and sunscreen SPF use (none, something but don’t know, SPF 2–14, SPF 15–24, SPF 25+)