Table 4.

Coefficients from 2SLS substance‐related mortality rate models, all counties

	All opioids	Prescription opioids	Synthetic opioids	Heroin	Cocaine
Eviction rate percentile coefficients
25th‐49th	0.186 (1.13)	0.059 (0.37)	0.133 (1.56)	0.156*** (3.25)	0.022 (0.50)
50th‐75th	0.766*** (2.90)	0.530** (2.28)	0.295** (2.49)	0.337*** (4.46)	0.085 (1.51)
75th and up	1.296*** (3.12)	0.800** (2.44)	0.454*** (2.59)	0.596*** (5.04)	0.165* (1.89)
Eviction rate percentile implied elasticities
25th‐49th	0.028	0.013	0.095	0.175	0.023
50th‐75th	0.183	0.184	0.331	0.596	0.143
75th and up	0.127	0.114	0.209	0.432	0.114
Observations	32 269	32 269	32 269	32 269	32 269

	Stimulants	Benzodiazepines	Antidepressants	Alcohol poisoning
Eviction rate percentile coefficients
25th to 49th	0.028 (0.41)	0.009 (0.07)	−0.030 (−0.50)	0.026 (0.31)
50th to 75th	0.139* (1.84)	0.364** (2.24)	−0.028 (−0.38)	0.251*** (2.59)
75th and up	0.172* (1.91)	0.682*** (3.70)	0.070 (0.67)	0.340** (2.22)
Eviction rate percentile implied elasticities
25th to 49th	0.037	0.005	−0.025	0.016
50th to 75th	0.285	0.296	−0.036	0.244
75th and up	0.145	0.227	0.037	0.135
Observations	32 269	32 269	32 269	32 269

Models of the rate of substance‐related deaths weighted per 100 000 population. Coefficients are from 2SRI models. T‐statistics are in parentheses using bootstrapped standard errors. Explanatory variables included in all models but not shown are count of population (in 100 000 s); percent county population that is male; percent county population between ages 20 and 64; percent of county population Caucasian; median household income in county; percent of county living in poverty; percent of county population without health insurance; county unemployment rate; MDs per capita in county; indicator variable for state having must‐access PDMP; suburban and rural indicator variables. All models also included time and county fixed effects. Instruments are listed in the footnote to Table 3 above.

^* P < .10.

^** P < .05.

^*** P < .01.