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. 2020 Jan 24;10:1143. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57560-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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IL-1 β synthesis, astrocyte activation modulation in PDD005-treated aged mice. (A) Images showing IL-1β (green fluorescence), GFAP (red fluorescence) expression. Yellow = Overlay, blue = nuclei.- Nuclei; SGZ region of mouse brain.40X magnification, scale bar = 100 μm. (B,C) Graphs representing the average relative fluorescence of IL-1β (B), and GFAP in SGZ. Significant differences determined by using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. *P < 0.050, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared with aged-vehicle.