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. 2020 Jan 24;10:1155. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58184-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Spray drying apparatus. The drops were produced in ultrasonic atomization from a precursor solution (i.e., formulated solution from sections 2.1 and 2.2) and then vacuumed pumped into the central channel at a constant airflow rate (measured from the flow meter). The drier was heated with a heater strip wrapping around the column, of which the temperature was controlled by a temperature controller with an indicator (TC) and monitored at T1 and T2 position. The atomized drops carried by an airflow were heated and dried when it passed through the heated column, then collected the dried particles on a silicon plate and a filter paper (5 C) from Advantec MFS, Inc (Dublin, CA, USA).