Table 3:
Characteristics associated with having a mother with SMM for very preterm newborns
| Unadjusted Risk Ratios with 95% CI | Adjusted Risk Ratios, with 95% CI1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Mother’s age | ||
| <20 | 0.72 (0.50–1.03) | 0.79 (0.54–1.14) |
| 20–34 | Ref | Ref |
| 35–39 | 1.34 (1.17–1.57) | 1.29 (1.11–1.51) |
| 40 or older | 1.46 (1.17–1.83) | 1.41 (1.12–1.78) |
| Parity | ||
| Nulliparous | Ref | Ref |
| Multiparous | 1.40 (1.23–1.60) | 1.30 (1.13–1.50) |
| Mother’s race | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.33 (1.11–1.59) | 1.27 (1.04–1.54) |
| Hispanic | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) |
| Non-Hispanic white | Ref | Ref |
| Asian | 1.03 (0.79–1.33) | 1.00 (0.77–1.31) |
| Mother’s education | ||
| Less than high school | 1.03 (0.88–1.20) | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) |
| High school | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 0.94 (0.79–1.11) |
| Greater than high school | Ref | Ref |
| Mother’s insurance | ||
| Governmental | 1.15 (1.01–1.32) | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) |
| Commercial | Ref | Ref |
| Uninsured | 0.90 (0.58–1.38) | 0.92 (0.58–1.45) |
| Mother’s prenatal visits | ||
| 0–5 | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) | 1.02 (0.87–1.21) |
| 6–8 | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) |
| 9 plus | Ref | Ref |
| Smoked during pregnancy | 0.97 (0.70–1.35) | 1.01 (0.72–1.40) |
| Body mass index | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 0.92 (0.67–1.26) | 1.02 (0.74–1.40) |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) |
| Obese (≥30) | 0.86 (0.73–1.02) | 0.72 (0.60–0.85) |
| Multiple pregnancy | 1.06 (0.91–1.21) | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) |
| Maternal complications | ||
| Pregestational diabetes | 2.05 (1.57–2.66) | 1.76 (1.34–2.31) |
| Gestational diabetes | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) | 1.00 (0.80–1.25) |
| Pregestational hypertension | 1.77 (1.49–2.10) | 1.29 (1.05–1.58) |
| Gestational hypertension | 1.63 (1.42–1.85) | 1.20 (0.95–1.52) |
| Preeclampsia | 1.53 (1.32–1.76) | 1.14 (0.90–1.46) |
| Chorioamnionitis | 0.93 (0.79–1.11) | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) |
| Premature rupture of the membranes | 0.56 (0.48–0.65) | 0.60 (0.51–0.71) |
| Precipitous labor | 0.40 (0.25–0.65) | 0.45 (0.28–0.73) |
| Newborn characteristics | ||
| Gestational age (wks) | ||
| 24–25 | 0.97 (0.80–1.19) | 1.15 (0.93–1.42) |
| 26–27 | 1.14 (0.96–1.35) | 1.20 (1.00–1.43) |
| 28–29 | 1.10 (0.94–1.29) | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) |
| 30–31 | Ref | Ref |
| Small for gestational age2 | 1.15 (0.97–1.38) | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | Ref | Ref |
| Male | 0.88 (0.77–1.00) | 0.93 (0.82–1.05) |
| Hospital characteristics | ||
| Public | 1.13 (0.97–1.31) | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) |
| Private | Ref | |
| Nursery level | ||
| 2 | Ref | |
| 3 | 1.57 (0.99–2.51) | 1.53 (0.94–2.49) |
| 4 | 1.88 (1.18–2.99) | 1.88 (1.16–3.06) |