Fig. 1.

Schematic order of procedures for training and testing apparatuses. Subjects began with (1) cylinder 1, where they participated in baseline assays of IC using (a) training and (b) test apparatuses, and proceeded to (2) response training, where all birds participated in (a) habituation trials, after which they were assigned to (b1) moving-barrier and (b2) stationary-barrier treatments and then all birds were presented with a (c) shortcut trial. Cubes represent the experimental chamber and the relative position of each apparatus. Finally, all birds were retested on (3) Cylinder 2 (as in 1b) to determine how response training treatments influenced subsequent inhibitory control performance