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. 2019 Sep 1;37(2):35–44.

Table 5. Comparison of classification success from the present study compared to other published research. N indicates dimensions (2D or 3D) and K the number of landmarks utilised (if applicable).

Publication Classification type Classification success N k
Balci et al., 2005 (11) Sex assessment based on morphological scoring of traits of ramus flexure using the method of Loth and Henneberg (1996). Male: 95.6%
Female: 70.6%
Overall: 90.6%
NA NA
Franklin et al., 2007 (19) Sex assessment from the subadult mandible based on GMM analysis of overall shape Male: 55%
Female: 65%
Overall: 59%
3 21
Franklin et al., 2007 (16) Sex assessment from adult mandible based on GMM analysis of overall shape Black male: 85.0%
Black female: 90.0%
Black overall: 87.5%
White male: 88.2%
White female: 92.3%
White overall: 86.7%
3 38
Franklin et al., 2008 (17) Sex assessment from adult mandible based on linear discriminant functions derived inter-landmark distances from 3D shape capture All variables:
Male: 83.3%
Female: 84.8%
Overall: 84.0%
Ramus only:
Male: 69.2%
Female: 81.9%
Overall: 75.1%
3 NA
Kemkes-Grottenthaler et al., 2002 (7) Sex assessment based on morphological scoring of traits of ramus flexure and gonial eversion using the method of Loth and Henneberg (1996). Ramus flexure:
Male: 66%
Female: 32%
Overall: 59%.
Gonial eversion:
Males: 75.4%
Females: 45.2%
Overall: 69.3%
NA NA
Oettlé et al., 2005 (21) Sex assessment from adult mandible based on GMM analysis of ramus flexure Male: 67.8%
Female: 69.9%
Overall: 68.9%
2 11
Oettlé et al., 2009 (22) Sex assessment from adult mandible based on GMM analysis of gonial eversion Male: 73.9%
Female: 71.4%
Overall: 72.7%
2 7
Pretorius et al., 2006 (23) Sex assessment from adult mandible based on GMM analysis of ramus flexure (component of integrated study) Male: 67.8%
Female: 69.9%
Overall: 68.9%
2 11
Schmittbuhl et al., 2001 (13) Sex assessment from adult mandible based on elliptical Fourier analysis (size effects included in the analysis) Male: 97.1%
Female: 91.7%
Overall: 94.4%
2 NA
Schmittbuhl et al., 2002 (14) Sex assessment from adult mandible based on elliptical Fourier analysis (size effects normalised in the analysis) Male: 84.1%
Female: 81.2%
Overall: 82.7%
2 NA
Present study Sex assessment of adult mandible based on GMM analysis of outline of inferior corpus and posterior ascending ramus Male: 91.0%
Female: 94.0%
Overall: 92.5%
2 25