Table 2.

Advantages, parameters, and applications of the common protein or polysaccharide based magnetic material fabrication methods. Source [14,18,84,108,109,110,111,118,119,124,125,126,127,128,132,134,135,136,137,139].

	Composite Composition	Advantages	Parameters Affecting Process	Applications
Electro-spinning	Chitosan and iron (II) and iron (III) salts [122] Chitin and iron chloride [143] Cellulose acetate and silver nanoparticles [144] Cobalt ferrite, iron oxide and silk fibroin [84]	Fabrication of nanosized particles Large surface area per mass Small pore size Tunable properties to make rigid or flexible fibers	Extruded solution Applied voltage Temperature Humidity	Tissue engineering Promotion of cell adhesion
Film Casting	Cellulose and chitosan with gold nanoparticles [127,128] Iron oxide and chitosan [145]	Wide range of sizes (up to a few thousand microns) Implementation in manufacturing Strong thermal stability	Speed of process Aspect ratio (distance stretched over width) Temperature	Tissue engineering constructs
Dip Coating	Silver and chitosan [137] Iron oxide and collagen [146] Heparin and silver nanoparticles [18]	Adjustable thickness Low cost and convenience Applicability for irregularly shaped objects Automation	Rates of condensation and evaporation Viscous drag Surface tension Viscosity and density of coating material Rate of withdrawal speed	Drug delivery Antimicrobial surfaces
Infusion Gyration	Lysozome protein and gold nanoparticles [141] DsRed-AuBP2-engineered protein and silver nanoparticles [147]	Flow control Control of fiber size Smooth, well-aligned fibers	Concentration and viscosity of solution infused Berry number Speed of rotation	Magnetic actuation Drug release