Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Children, Their Mothers and Households in Different Group a.
| Parental Migration Status | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Both-Parent Migration | Single-Parent Migration | Non-Migration | |
| Number of children | 249 | 401 | 1090 |
| Children age | |||
| Mean (SD) | 8.75 ± 0.80 | 8.77 ± 0.81 | 8.79 ± 0.84 |
| Gender | |||
| Boy | 140 (56.2%) | 243 (60.6%) | 659 (60.5%) |
| Girl | 109 (43.8%) | 158 (39.4%) | 431 (39.5%) |
| Maternal age (years) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 32.10 ± 3.91 | 34.53 ± 4.48 | 34.18 ± 4.55 |
| Women’s education | |||
| Primary | 82 (32.9%) | 170 (42.5%) | 381 (35.1%) |
| Secondary | 157 (63.1%) | 213 (53.3%) | 536 (49.3%) |
| High school+ | 10 (4.0%) | 17 (4.2%) | 170 (15.6%) |
| Father’s education | |||
| Primary | 25 (10.1%) | 76 (18.9%) | 187 (17.2%) |
| Secondary | 185 (74.6%) | 279 (69.6%) | 630 (58.0%) |
| High school+ | 38 (15.3%) | 46 (11.5%) | 269 (24.8%) |
| Women’s occupation | |||
| Farmer | 73 (31.7%) | 335 (84.4%) | 739 (68.6%) |
| Others | 157 (68.3%) | 62 (15.6%) | 339 (31.4%) |
| Father’s occupation | |||
| Farmer | 59 (25.7%) | 139 (34.7%) | 440 (40.9%) |
| Others | 171 (74.3%) | 262 (62.4%) | 635 (59.1%) |
| Household wealth index | |||
| Poorest—1st tertile | 103 (41.4%) | 174 (43.4%) | 294 (27.0%) |
| 2nd tertile | 99 (39.7%) | 159 (39.7%) | 324 (29.7%) |
| Richest—3rd tertile | 47 (18.9%) | 68 (16.9%) | 472 (43.3%) |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 192 (77.1%) | 233 (58.1%) | 670 (61.5%) |
| 1 | 53 (21.3%) | 142 (35.4%) | 358 (32.8%) |
| ≥2 | 4 (1.6%) | 26 (6.5%) | 62 (5.7%) |
| School | |||
| Village | 112 (45.0%) | 179 (44.6%) | 305 (28.0%) |
| Township | 106 (42.6%) | 183 (45.7%) | 430 (39.5%) |
| County and plus | 31 (12.4%) | 39 (9.7%) | 355 (32.5%) |
| Birth weight | |||
| Mean (SD) | 3.17 ± 0.41 | 3.22 ± 0.46 | 3.20 ± 0.43 |
| Gestation at delivery (weeks) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 39.88 ± 1.74 | 39.83 ± 1.74 | 39.86 ± 1.63 |
| Lower respiratory tract infection | |||
| Yes | 146 (63.5%) | 257 (64.6%) | 749 (69.7%) |
| No | 84 (36.5%) | 141 (35.4%) | 325 (30.3%) |
| Treatment group | |||
| Folic acid | 89 (35.7%) | 126 (31.4%) | 388 (35.6%) |
| Folic acid/Iron | 62 (24.9%) | 134 (33.4%) | 366 (33.6%) |
| Multi micronutrients | 98 (39.4%) | 141 (35.2%) | 336 (30.8%) |
a Values are given as Mean ± SD or the percentage of the study population in different group.