Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by medication adherence (n = 101).
| Adherence (MGLS) | Adherence (TABS) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Total (n = 101) | Yes (n = 58) | No (n = 43) | p | Yes (n = 40) | No (n = 61) | p |
| Sociodemographic | |||||||
| Age (years) | 72 (11) | 73 (11) | 70 (11) | 0.12 | 74 (11) | 70 (11) | 0.06 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 68 (67) | 36 (53) | 32 (47) | 0.19 | 31 (46) | 37 (54) | 0.08 |
| Level of education (year 12 or less), n (%) | 63 (62) | 38 (60) | 25 (40) | 0.45 | 26 (41) | 37 (59) | 0.66 |
| Married/de facto, n (%) | 65 (49) | 36 (55) | 29 (45) | 0.58 | 27 (41) | 38 (59) | 0.59 |
| Government pension, n (%) | 64 (63) | 37 (58) | 27 (42) | 0.6 | 27 (42) | 37 (58) | 0.67 |
| Index of Disadvantage (highest quartile) | 33 (33) | 19 (58) | 14 (42) | 0.3 | 11 (33) | 22 (67) | 0.47 |
| Autonomy preference index | |||||||
| Decision-making | 45 (17) | 42 (15) | 49 (18) | 0.04 | 41 (13) | 47 (18) | 0.1 |
| Information-seeking | 82 (11) | 83 (11) | 82 (11) | 0.78 | 82 (11) | 83 (11) | 0.74 |
| Karnofsky performance scale | 87 (10) | 86 (8) | 88 (12) | 0.54 | 87 (9) | 86 (12) | 0.65 |
| Major depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) | 12 (12) | 5 (42) | 7 (58) | 0.24 | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | 0.61 |
| Clinical | |||||||
| Smoking (former/current), n (%) | 51 (50) | 29 (57) | 22 (43) | 0.91 | 23 (45) | 28 (55) | 0.25 |
| Comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–3) | 0.38 | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–3) | 0.04 |
| Common comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 90 (94) | 52 (58) | 38 (42) | 0.71 | 38 (42) | 52 (58) | 0.67 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 39 (40) | 28 (72) | 11 (28) | 0.02 | 13 (33) | 26 (67) | 0.19 |
| Atherosclerotic disease | 36 (37) | 20 (56) | 16 (44) | 0.74 | 18 (50) | 18 (50) | 0.18 |
| Congestive heart failure | 17 (18) | 7 (41) | 10 (59) | 0.12 | 9 (53) | 8 (47) | 0.27 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 13 (13) | 6 (46) | 7 (54) | 0.37 | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 0.11 |
| Malignant neoplasm | 20 (21) | 14 (70) | 6 (30) | 0.22 | 13 (65) | 7 (35) | 0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 30 (6) | 31 (6) | 30 (5) | 0.67 | 28 (26–31) | 32 (27–35) | 0.02 |
| ADL | 5.8 (0.4) | 5.9 (0.3) | 5.7 (0.5) | 0.1 | 5.8 (0.4) | 5.8 (0.4) | 0.36 |
| IADL | 5.5 (1.4) | 5.5 (1.4) | 5.2 (1.1) | 0.06 | 5.4 (1.4) | 5.6 (1.5) | 0.34 |
| Cognitive impairment (MOCA < 26), n (%) | 65 (67) | 41 (72) | 24 (60) | 0.22 | 23 (35) | 42 (65) | 0.17 |
| Laboratory | |||||||
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 119 (18) | 117 (15) | 121 (22) | 0.3 | 119 (20) | 119 (17) | 0.99 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 265 (112) | 249 (101) | 288 (122) | 0.03 | 266 (101) | 265 (119) | 0.97 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 21 (7) | 22 (6) | 21 (7) | 0.51 | 21 (7) | 21 (6.5) | 0.89 |
| Medical | |||||||
| No. of medications, median (IQR) | 8 (6–11) | 8 (6–11) | 8 (6–11) | 0.73 | 8 (5–11) | 8 (6–10) | 0.73 |
| MRCI, median (IQR) | 19 (14–27) | 20 (9–28) | 17 (14–27) | 0.41 | 19 (17–27) | 19 (14–27) | 0.76 |
| PBM, median (IQR) | 1.17 (1–1.33) | 1 (1–1.33) | 1.33 (1–1.33) | 0.01 | 1 (1–1.33) | 1.33 (1–1.33) | 0.04 |
| HRQOL (SF-36) | |||||||
| PCS | 39 (10) | 39 (10) | 39 (10) | 0.65 | 39 (10) | 39 (10) | 0.96 |
| MCS | 51 (10) | 51 (9) | 50 (11) | 0.62 | 51 (10) | 51 (10) | 0.96 |
Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; IQR, interquartile range; MCS, mental component summary; MGLS, Morisky Green Levine Scale; MOCA, Montreal cognitive assessment; PBM, perceived burden of medication; PCS, physical component summary; PHQ-9, 9-item patient health questionnaire; SD, standard deviation; TABS, Tool for Adherence Behaviour Screening. Results are presented in mean (SD) unless described otherwise.