Table 1.

Summary of case study sites.

	Case Study Sites	Local Project Aims
A	Two neighbourhoods in the North West of England form the project area. It is an industrial area in decline, with high unemployment and low skilled jobs. Previously based around the docks, the focus of the area is now an out of town shopping centre. There are green spaces and good access to the countryside but a railway and a motorway divide the area. New people are arriving, but their stay is often short-term.	To improve the physical infrastructure of the area, enhance social spaces, make it more attractive and a better place to walk and cycle. Aimed at all residents living in the neighbourhoods. Supported by Sustrans.
B	On the outskirts of a large town in Scotland, two neighbourhoods form the project area. These are surrounded by green space and overlook the sea. Historically separate, the two neighbourhoods are linked by an area of woodland. Much of the current housing is former council owned, often terraced and a large new housing estate is being built. Wage stagnation and austerity has affected residents with many ‘just getting by’.	To get people involved in their community to help make it a better place ‘where they’re happier and more connected and where they feel they have a say’. Aimed at all residents living in the neighbourhoods. Supported by The Conservation Volunteers.
C	Two neighbourhoods form the project area. Set atop a hill in a city in Wales, the area has attractive views and convenient access to the city. Poverty rates are high with many residents having insufficient income. Food poverty is an issue and there are concerns for the future.	To support local residents to design and lead activities to improve the area for living and working in. Aimed at all residents living in the neighbourhoods. Supported by The Youth Sport Trust.
D	The project area is part of a small town in the West Midlands. The area is semi-rural. Housing is good quality and includes a former mining estate. Industries have shut and unemployment is high. There are limited opportunities for young people and reported low aspirations. The population is largely White British and with a high proportion of older people.	To improve health and wellbeing by connecting people back into community life, to be part of a society and to have a voice. The original target audience was 50 years plus, but this was broadened slightly to more inter-generational work. Supported by Royal Voluntary Service.
E	The project area is a busy, vibrant town on the South coast. Most of the town is not economically disadvantaged but there are pockets of deprivation. While there are liberal attitudes to diversity, there is some reported intolerance towards disability and accessibility to some areas is poor.	To create change, improve quality of life, to take control and make decisions. People with disabilities and unpaid carers are the communities of interest. The project is covers the town. Supported by Scope.