Table 1.

Possible targets of microRNA-124 in ischemic encephalopathy.

Diseases	Targets	Abbreviations	Function	Effects	Refs
Ischemic stroke	SRY-box transcription factor	Sox9	Neuronal differentiation	Repressing the expression of Sox9	[24]
	Jagged-1	JAG1	Neuronal differentiation	Repressing JAG1/Notch signaling pathway	[33]
	Ubiquitin specific peptidase 14	Usp14	Neuronal differentiation Neurovascular remodeling	Decreasing the expression of Usp14, which mediates REST degradation	[37]
			Anti-apoptosis	Exosomal miR-124 derived from M2 microglia attenuates neuronal apoptosis via downregulating Usp14	[38]
	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase	PI3K	Anti-axonal growth	Inhibition of miR-124 activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR/GAP-43 pathway	[39]
			Anti-apoptosis	Activating PI3K/AKT/ Bcl-2 signaling pathway	[40]
				Activating PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway	[41]
			Anti-oxidative stress	Activating PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway	[41]
	Inhibitory member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of p53 family	iASPP	Pro-apoptosis	Downregulating the expression of iASPP	[36]
	B-cell lymphoma-2 B-cell lymphoma-extra large	Bcl-2/Bcl-xl	Anti-apoptosis	Upregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl respectively	[42]
	Janus kinase 2	JAK2	Anti-apoptosis	Activating JAK2/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling pathway	[16]
	X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6	Ku70	Pro-apoptosis	Knockdown of miR-124 attenuates I/R-induced apoptosis via negatively regulating Ku 70	[43]
	CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha	C/EBP-α	Anti-inflammation	Inhibiting C/EBP-α/PU.1 signaling pathway	[22]
	RE1-silencing transcription factor	REST	Neuroplasticity Angiogenesis	Facilitating REST degradation	[44]
Alzheimer’s disease	Regulatory factor X1	RFX1	Anti-Aβ deposition	Decreased miR-124 represses ApoE-dependent Aβ uptake by targeting and upregulating RFX1	[34]
	cAMP-response element binding protein	CREB	Suppressing synaptic plasticity	Decreased miR-124 increases the expression of CREB and subsequent BDNF synthesis	[45]
	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	PTPN1	Suppressing synaptic plasticity	Downregulating the expression of PTPN1	[46]
	Beta-site Amyloid precursor protein Cleaving Enzyme 1	BACE1	Anti- Aβ deposition	Decreased miR-124 upregulates BACE1 level	[47]
	Caveolin-1	Cav-1	Inhibiting hyperphosphorylation of tau	Repressing the expression of Cav-1, which further activates PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway	[35]
Parkinson’s disease	Bim	Bim	Anti-apoptosis Anti-autophagy	Inhibiting the expression of Bim and reducing Bax translocation to mitochondria and lysosomal membrane	[23]
	Adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase	AMPK	Anti-apoptosis Anti-autophagy	Decreased miR-124 induces apoptosis and autophagy-associated proteins via activating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway	[48]
	Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3	STAT3	Anti-apoptosis	Suppressing STAT3 expression	[49]
	AnnexinA5	ANXA5	Anti-apoptosis	Downregulating ANXA5/ERK signaling pathway	[50]
	Caspase-3	Casp-3	Anti-apoptosis	Restraining the increase of Casp-3	[51]
	Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3	MEKK3	Anti-neuroinflammation	Suppressing MEKK3/NF-κB signaling pathway	[52]
	Sequestosome 1 Phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase	p62 p-p38	Anti-inflammation	Suppressing the expression of p62 and p-p38	[53]
	Calpain 1	Calpain 1	Anti-oxidative stress	Decreased miR-124 upregulates the expression of calpain1/p25/CDK5 pathway proteins	[17]
Epilepsy	cAMP-response element-binding protein 1	CREB1	Anti-neuronal excitability	Repressing the expression of CREB1	[32]
	CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha	C/EBPα	Anti-epileptogenic	Downregulating C/EBPα level, which then inhibits the expression and activity of NRSF	[54]
	Bcl-2-like 13	Bcl2L13	Anti-apoptosis	Diminishing the expression of Bcl2L13, which further represses the activation of caspase-3	[55]