Involvement of the NF-κB transcription factor in LPA induced RON expression. (A) Cells were transiently transfected with the pNF-κB luciferase reporter construct and then incubated with 5 μM LPA for 0–8 h. After incubation, the cells were lysed, and luciferase activity was measured. Bars show the mean standard deviation from three measurements. (B) T24 cells were incubated with 5 μM LPA for 0–120 min, and the protein level of IκBa and level of IκBa and NF-κB-p65 phosphorylation were determined by Western blot analysis. (C) T24 cells were pretreated with BAY11-7082 (BAY, an NF-κB inhibitor, 0–20 μM) were incubated with 5 μM LPA for 8 h, and RON mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. (D) T24 cells transfected with I-κBα, I-κBβ, and NIK dominant negative mutants were co-transfected with a RON promoter reporter overnight. After incubation with 5 μM LPA for 8 h, luciferase activity was measured with a luminometer. Bars show the mean standard deviation from three measurements. * p < 0.05 vs. LPA only.