Table 2.
Epigenetic changes that occur in parental germline before conception and transmitted to the F1 generation.
| Drug | Biological Target | Epigenetic Modification | Associated Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JWH-133 | Spermatogonia (mouse, in vitro) | Histone modification (H3K4me3; H3K9me2) | Accelerated entry into meiosis | [13] |
| THC/Cannabis | Sperm (rat/human) | global DNA methylation | Altered hippo signaling and cancer pathways in sperm | [54] |
| Cannabis | Sperm (rat/human) | DNA methylation | Hypomethylation in autism DLGAP2 gene in sperm and nucleus accumbens of offspring | [105] |
| THC | Adult nucleus accumbens (rat) | DNA methylation | Altered methylation in genes associated with neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity genes in F1 offspring | [107] |
| THC | Sperm (rat) | DNA methylation | Impairment in attentional performance in offspring | [108] |
| WIN55,212-2 | Sperm (rat) | DNA methylation | Increased DNA methylation in offspring prefrontal cortex associated with stress vulnerability | [109] |
| JWH-133 | Sperm (mouse) | DNA methylation | Hypermethylation at imprinted Peg10 and Plagl1 genes in sperm and placenta. Altered placental and embryonic growth | [55] |
JWH—JWH-133 synthetic CB2 agonist; DLGAP2—Disks large-associated protein 2 gene;Peg10-Paternally expressed gene 10; Plagl1—PLAG1 Like Zinc Finger 1.