Table 2.
Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use, exclusive smoking, and dual use among females, 2015–2016.
| Female (n = 2399) | Current e-Cigarette Users | Current Smokers | Current Dual User (i.e., Smoke and Use e-Cigarettes) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARR | (95% CI) | ARR | (95% CI) | ARR | (95% CI) | ||||
| Age years | |||||||||
| 11 to 12 | 5.0% | 1.00 | 3.5% | 1.00 | 2.3% | 1.00 | |||
| 13 to 15 | 6.6% | 1.31 | (0.94–1.83) | 3.6% | 0.92 | (0.54–1.57) | 2.5% | 0.98 | (0.54–1.78) |
| Job | |||||||||
| No | 5.0% | 1.00 | 3.5% | 1.00 | 2.0% | ||||
| Yes | 9.2% | 1.99 * | (1.18–3.37) | 3.5% | 0.99 | (0.52–1.89) | 5.3% | 2.50 *** | (1.62–3.86) |
| Parental education | |||||||||
| Primary | 5.4% | 1.00 | 3.9% | 1.00 | 3.1% | 1.00 | |||
| Middle School | 5.7% | 1.19 | (0.75–1.90) | 3.9% | 1.14 | (0.60–2.16) | 2.2% | 1.07 | (0.55–2.07) |
| High School or more | 5.4% | 1.12 | (0.68–1.83) | 3.3% | 0.96 | (0.52–1.76) | 2.4% | 1.13 | (0.52–2.46) |
| Unknown | 5.3% | 1.04 | (0.49–2.20) | 1.7% | 0.55 | (0.17–1.73) | 1.7% | 0.82 | (0.17–3.87) |
| Use alcohol | |||||||||
| Never | 4.6% | 1.00 | 2.1% | 1.00 | 1.5% | 1.00 | |||
| Tried | 6.0% | 1.11 | (0.70–1.76) | 6.1% | 2.31 ** | (0.31–4.08) | 2.8% | 1.34 | (0.64–2.78) |
| Current drinking | 9.9% | 1.85 * | (1.09–3.15) | 6.2% | 2.31 ** | (1.24–4.31) | 7.0% | 2.77 * | (1.17–6.57) |
| Ever use of drug | |||||||||
| No | 5.5% | 1.00 | 3.4% | 1.00 | 2.2% | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 6.6% | 0.82 | (0.27–2.43) | 6.6% | 1.23 | (0.39–3.87) | 9.8% | 2.15 | (0.83–5.59) |
| Sensation seeking, mean (sd) | 1.03 | (0.85–1.25) | 1.27 | (0.97–1.67) | 1.35 | (0.94–1.93) | |||
| Technophilia index, mean (sd) | 1.27 * | (1.05–1.55) | 0.96 | (0.74–1.24) | 1.04 | (0.79–1.38) | |||
| Digital social media use | |||||||||
| No use | 4.8% | 1.00 | 3.1% | 1.00 | 2.8% | 1.00 | |||
| Ocassional use | 4.6% | 0.93 | (0.49–1.76) | 3.1% | 1.03 | (0.49–2.18) | 1.7% | 0.65 | (0.32–1.30) |
| Frecuent use | 6.0% | 1.08 | (0.58–1.99) | 3.7% | 1.12 | (0.56–2.23) | 2.5% | 0.95 | (0.41–2.17) |
| Parental rules about internet use | |||||||||
| Yes | 5.2% | 1.00 | 3.1% | 1.00 | 1.9% | 1.00 | |||
| No | 6.5% | 1.18 | (0.79–1.76) | 4.8% | 1.29 | (0.80–2.08) | 3.9% | 1.54 | (0.85–2.78) |
| Positive smoking expectancies, mean (sd) | 1.39 * | (1.10–1.74) | 1.23 | (0.92–1.64) | 1.31 | (0.93–1.85) | |||
| Friends smoking | |||||||||
| None | 4.9% | 1.00 | 3.1% | 1.00 | 1.9% | 1.00 | |||
| One or more | 7.4% | 1.21 | (0.84–1.73) | 4.8% | 1.11 | (0.67–1.86) | 3.9% | 1.39 | (0.72–2.67) |
| Parental smoking | |||||||||
| Neither | 5.4% | 2.7% | 2.2% | ||||||
| Either parent | 5.6% | 0.94 | (0.67–1.31) | 4.8% | 1.55 | (0.98–2.44) | 2.8% | 1.08 | (0.59–1.98) |
| Maternal monitoring/control, mean (sd) | 1.03 | (0.82–1.28) | 0.81 | (0.65–1.02) | 0.84 | (0.65–1.09) | |||
p value < 0.05 *, < 0.005 **, < 0.001 ***. Estimation involved multinomial models where the reference group was non-current use of e-cigarettes or cigarettes.