Table 3.
Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use, exclusive smoking, and dual use among males, 2015–2016.
| Male (n = 2.177) | Current e-Cigarette Users | Current Smokers | Current Dual User (i.e., Smoke and Use e-Cigarettes) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARR | (95% CI) | ARR | (95% CI) | ARR | (95% CI) | ||||
| Age | |||||||||
| 11 to 12 | 6.8% | 1.00 | 3.5% | 1.00 | 1.8% | 1.00 | |||
| 13 to 15 | 5.6% | 0.80 | (0.53–1.19) | 3.9% | 1.03 | (0.69–1.54) | 1.8% | 0.89 | (0.48–1.67) |
| Job | |||||||||
| No | 6.2% | 1.00 | 3.5% | 1.00 | 1.7% | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 7.2% | 1.05 | (0.60–1.84) | 4.3% | 1.08 | (0.61–1.91) | 2.3% | 1.22 | (0.48–3.07) |
| Parental education | |||||||||
| Primary | 7.1% | 1.00 | 4.5% | 1.00 | 2.3% | 1.00 | |||
| Middle School | 7.7% | 1.21 | (0.72–2.06) | 4.0% | 1.07 | (0.62–1.86) | 1.6% | 0.83 | (0.35–1.98) |
| High School or more | 5.5% | 0.88 | (0.52–1.49) | 3.0% | 0.83 | (0.43–1.60) | 2.1% | 1.10 | (0.37–3.28) |
| Unknown | 3.9% | 0.61 | (0.24–1.57) | 2.9% | 0.82 | (0.33–2.05) | 0.5% | 0.22 | (0.02–2.18) |
| Use alcohol | |||||||||
| Never | 5.5% | 1.00 | 2.5% | 1.00 | 1.1% | 1.00 | |||
| Tried | 6.9% | 1.09 | (0.71–1.69) | 4.5% | 1.59 | (0.85–2.98) | 2.3% | 1.67 | (0.70–3.98) |
| Current drinking | 9.6% | 1.48 | (0.91–2.39) | 7.5% | 2.56 * | (1.50–4.38) | 4.6% | 3.52 ** | (1.66–7.48) |
| Ever use of drug | |||||||||
| No | 6.3% | 1.00 | 3.4% | 1.00 | 1.7% | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 9.8% | 1.24 | (0.57–2.70) | 8.5% | 1.77 | (0.70–4.49) | 4.9% | 2.44 | (0.90–6.61) |
| Sensation seeking, mean (sd) | 1.07 | (0.90–1.28) | 0.99 | (0.80–1.23) | 1.01 | (0.69–1.48) | |||
| Technophilia, mean (sd) | 1.15 | (0.93–1.42) | 1.02 | (0.81–1.28) | 0.85 | (0.55–1.32) | |||
| Digital social media use | |||||||||
| No use | 5.9% | 1.00 | 3.9% | 1.00 | 1.4% | 1.00 | |||
| Ocassional use | 6.6% | 1.08 | (0.62–1.86) | 2.5% | 0.64 | (0.29–1.39) | 0.7% | 0.54 | (0.15–1.97) |
| Frecuent use | 6.5% | 1.05 | (0.70–1.57) | 4.1% | 1.12 | (0.63–1.97) | 2.5% | 2.49 | (0.92–6.73) |
| Parental rules about internet use | |||||||||
| Yes | 6.0% | 1.00 | 3.5% | 1.00 | 1.3% | 1.00 | |||
| No | 7.3% | 1.18 | (0.80–1.75) | 3.9% | 1.02 | (0.59–1.76) | 2.8% | 1.95 | (0.97–3.91) |
| Positive smoking expectancies, mean (sd) | 1.10 | (0.87–1.40) | 1.02 | (0.77–1.34) | 1.01 | (0.63–1.61) | |||
| Friends smoking | |||||||||
| None | 5.6% | 1.00 | 3.0% | 1.00 | 1.7% | 1.00 | |||
| One or more | 8.9% | 1.44 * | (1.02–2.01) | 5.9% | 1.66 | (0.99–2.77) | 2.2% | 0.96 | (0.42–2.19) |
| Parental smoking | |||||||||
| Neither | 5.5% | 1.00 | 2.8% | 1.00 | 1.0% | ||||
| Either parent | 8.1% | 1.42 | (0.95–2.12) | 5.1% | 1.64 * | (1.07–2.49) | 3.3% | 3.20 * | (1.40–7.34) |
| Maternal support, mean (sd) | 1.01 | (0.82–1.24) | 0.98 | (0.75–1.27) | 1.11 | (0.67–1.83) | |||
p value < 0.05 *, < 0.005 **, < 0.001 ***. Estimation involved multinomial models where the reference group was non-current use of e-cigarettes or cigarettes.