Table 2.
Fatty acid profile (%) in serum of Alzheimer’s disease patients and control subjects.
| Fatty Acid (%) with Respect to Total Fatty Acid Content | Control (n = 38) | GDS4 (n = 48) | GDS6 (n = 45) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lauric acid (12:0) | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.843 |
| Myristic acid (14:0) | 1.49 ± 0.19 | 1.51 ± 0.10 | 1.54 ± 0.15 | 0.971 |
| Palmitic acid (16:0) | 21.79 ± 0.30 | 21.74 ± 0.29 | 22.33 ± 0.28 | 0.282 |
| Hexadecanoic acid (16:1 n-9) | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.338 |
| Palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7) | 1.37 ± 0.12 | 1.45 ± 0.09 | 1.63 ± 0.12 | 0.240 |
| Margaric acid (17:0) | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.22 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.01* | 0.040 |
| Stearic acid (18:0) | 8.39 ± 0.21 | 7.62 ± 0.18* | 7.72 ± 0.18* | 0.012 |
| Oleic acid (18:1 n-9) | 20.19 ± 0.63 | 21.10 ± 0.50 | 20.62 ± 0.56 | 0.525 |
| Cis-vaccenic acid (18:1 n-7) | 1.59 ± 0.05 | 1.67 ± 0.04 | 1.75 ± 0.06 | 0.073 |
| Linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) | 26.64 ± 0.76 | 26.94 ± 0.76 | 26.55 ± 0.77 | 0.931 |
| γ-linolenic acid (18:3 n-6) | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.43 ± 0.03 | 0.755 |
| α-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.319 |
| Arachidic acid (20:0) | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.971 |
| Gondoic acid (20:1 n-9) | 0.23 ± 0.03 | 0.29 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.392 |
| Eicosadienoic acid (20:2 n-6) | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.03* | 0.32 ± 0.04* | <0.001 |
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6) | 1.63 ± 0.06 | 1.65 ± 0.05 | 1.59 ± 0.06 | 0.738 |
| Arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6, AA) | 7.29 ± 0.29 | 7.20 ± 0.28 | 7.71 ± 0.33 | 0.445 |
| Heneicosylic acid (21:0) | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.073 |
| Behenic acid (22:0) | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 0.65 ± 0.03 | 0.63 ± 0.02* | 0.046 |
| Adrenic acid (22:4 n-6) | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.401 |
| Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.28 ± 0.01 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.102 |
| Tricosylic acid (23:0) | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.01* | 0.24 ± 0.01* | <0.001 |
| Lignoceric acid (24:0) | 0.64 ± 0.04 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 0.57 ± 0.02 | 0.297 |
| Nervonic acid (24:1 n-9) | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.91 ± 0.06 | 0.779 |
| SFA | 34.02 ± 0.50 | 33.07 ± 0.43 | 33.74 ± 0.33 | 0.264 |
| MUFA | 24.65 ± 0.69 | 25.76 ± 0.55 | 25.50 ± 0.65 | 0.451 |
| PUFA | 41.33 ± 0.77 | 41.17 ± 0.73 | 40.76 ± 0.77 | 0.863 |
| PUFA n-6 | 36.24 ± 0.79 | 36.74 ± 0.72 | 36.73 ± 0.78 | 0.880 |
| PUFA n-3 | 5.09 ± 0.3 | 4.43 ± 0.23 | 4.03 ± 0.23* | 0.018 |
| n-6/n-3 | 7.98 ± 0.46 | 9.35 ± 0.50 | 10.23 ± 0.56* | 0.013 |
| LC-PUFA n-6 | 9.20 ± 0.31 | 9.39 ± 0.29 | 9.74 ± 0.34 | 0.481 |
| LC-PUFA n-3 | 4.92 ± 0.30 | 4.24 ± 0.23 | 3.87 ± 0.23* | 0.017 |
| Total Fatty acid concentration (mg/dL) | 384.90 ± 17.11 | 494.31 ± 28.83* | 488.50 ± 34.15* | 0.016 |
AA arachidonic acid; LC-PUFA, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids. Mean ± SEM. Significant differences are indicated by footnote symbols: * Result indicates a significant difference compared to the Control group (p < 0.05) (bold face); † Result would indicate significant differences compared to the GDS4 group (p < 0.05).