Figure 1.

Schematic of the preparation of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and cell-engineered nanovesicles (CENVs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). For iPSC-EVs preparation, spent medium conditioned by human iPSCs was collected, and subsequently ultracentrifuged for 2 h. For iPSC-CENVs preparation, cells were serially extruded through the polycarbonate membrane with diminishing pore size. Then, the generated iPSC-CENVs were collected by density-gradient ultracentrifugation using iodixanol (OptiPrep™).