Table 1.
Socio-demographic comparison between residents in the exposed and non-exposed groups to the solid waste dumpsite in Sabak.
| Socio-Demographic Characteristics | Frequency (%)/Mean (SD) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed n = 170 | Non-Exposed n = 119 | ||
| Age (year) | 46.3 (13.5) | 38.1 (9.8) | <0.001 a* |
| Sex | 0.024 b* | ||
| Male | 48 (28.2) | 20 (16.8) | |
| Female | 122 (71.8) | 99 (83.2) | |
| Monthly household income (RM) | 898 (912) | 1028 (817) | 0.213 a |
| Education level | 0.002 b* | ||
| Primary school/less | 64 (37.6) | 22 (18.5) | |
| Lower secondary school | 33 (19.4) | 26 (21.8) | |
| Upper secondary school | 57 (33.5) | 49 (41.2) | |
| Above secondary school | 16 (9.4) | 22 (18.5) | |
| Occupation | 0.277 b | ||
| Housewife | 91 (53.5) | 64 (53.8) | |
| Unemployed | 17 (10.0) | 6 (5.0) | |
| Employed | 62 (36.5) | 49 (41.2) | |
| Working in factory | 0.021 b* | ||
| Yes | 65 (2.9) | 11 (9.2) | |
| No | 165 (97.1) | 108 (90.8) | |
| Scavenger at the dumpsite | 0.095 b | ||
| Yes | 7 (4.1) | 1 (0.8) | |
| No | 163 (95.4) | 118 (99.2) | |
| Water Supply | <0.001 b* | ||
| Tube Well | 6 (3.5) | 3 (2.5) | |
| Dug Well | 22 (12.9) | 58 (48.7) | |
| Kelantan Water Company | 142 (83.5) | 58 (48.7) | |
| Smoking Status | 0.095 b | ||
| Yes | 25 (14.7) | 10 (8.4) | |
| No | 142 (83.5) | 109 (91.6) | |
| Smoking among household members | 0.763 b | ||
| Yes | 67 (39.4) | 49 (41.2) | |
| No | 103 (60.6) | 70 (58.8) | |
| Growing own vegetable | 0.014 b* | ||
| Yes | 28 (16.5) | 34 (28.6) | |
| No | 142 (83.5) | 85 (71.4) | |
| Rearing own chicken | 0.478 b | ||
| Yes | 56 (32.9) | 44 (37.0) | |
| No | 114 (67.1) | 75 (63.0) | |
| Duration of residence (year) | 22.6 (18.9) | 15.0 (12.0) | <0.001 a* |
| Distance from dumpsite (m) | 450 (244) | 3057 (374) | <0.001 a* |
a Independent t test, b Chi square test, * statistically significant <0.05.