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. 2020 Jan 2;17(1):311. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010311

Table 1.

Socio-demographic comparison between residents in the exposed and non-exposed groups to the solid waste dumpsite in Sabak.

Socio-Demographic Characteristics Frequency (%)/Mean (SD) p-Value
Exposed n = 170 Non-Exposed n = 119
Age (year) 46.3 (13.5) 38.1 (9.8) <0.001 a*
Sex 0.024 b*
 Male 48 (28.2) 20 (16.8)
 Female 122 (71.8) 99 (83.2)
Monthly household income (RM) 898 (912) 1028 (817) 0.213 a
Education level 0.002 b*
 Primary school/less 64 (37.6) 22 (18.5)
 Lower secondary school 33 (19.4) 26 (21.8)
 Upper secondary school 57 (33.5) 49 (41.2)
 Above secondary school 16 (9.4) 22 (18.5)
Occupation 0.277 b
 Housewife 91 (53.5) 64 (53.8)
 Unemployed 17 (10.0) 6 (5.0)
 Employed 62 (36.5) 49 (41.2)
Working in factory 0.021 b*
 Yes 65 (2.9) 11 (9.2)
 No 165 (97.1) 108 (90.8)
Scavenger at the dumpsite 0.095 b
 Yes 7 (4.1) 1 (0.8)
 No 163 (95.4) 118 (99.2)
Water Supply <0.001 b*
 Tube Well 6 (3.5) 3 (2.5)
 Dug Well 22 (12.9) 58 (48.7)
 Kelantan Water Company 142 (83.5) 58 (48.7)
Smoking Status 0.095 b
 Yes 25 (14.7) 10 (8.4)
 No 142 (83.5) 109 (91.6)
Smoking among household members 0.763 b
 Yes 67 (39.4) 49 (41.2)
 No 103 (60.6) 70 (58.8)
Growing own vegetable 0.014 b*
 Yes 28 (16.5) 34 (28.6)
 No 142 (83.5) 85 (71.4)
Rearing own chicken 0.478 b
 Yes 56 (32.9) 44 (37.0)
 No 114 (67.1) 75 (63.0)
Duration of residence (year) 22.6 (18.9) 15.0 (12.0) <0.001 a*
Distance from dumpsite (m) 450 (244) 3057 (374) <0.001 a*

a Independent t test, b Chi square test, * statistically significant <0.05.