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. 2019 Dec 30;21(1):258. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010258

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Non-coding RNA (NcRNA) regulatory interaction in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression. (A) MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can directly target long ncRNA (lncRNA) and regulate lncRNA expression in ESCC progression. (B) Long ncRNAs work as miRNA sponge to compete with endogenous RNAs. (C) Circular RNAs (circRNAs) release target mRNAs by competitively binding with miRNAs. These ncRNA interactions are involved in ESCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, chemoradiotherapy, and other ESCC processes.