Table 1.
Effects of the forest recreation programme on mood states and anxiety of patients with affective disorders.
| Psychological Indices (Affective Patients) | Pre-test | Post-test | t | p | Rate of Change (%) | ES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||||
| Mood State (POMS) | ||||||
| Tension-anxiety | 1.58 ± 0.75 | 1.05 ± 0.8 | 4.51 | <0.000 *** | −33.85% | 1.77 |
| Depression-dejection | 1.8 ± 0.86 | 1.11 ± 0.69 | 6.42 | <0.000 *** | −38.05% | 2.52 |
| Anger-hostility | 0.89 ± 0.43 | 0.85 ± 0.45 | 0.52 | 0.605 | −4.86% | 0.21 |
| Fatigue | 1.59 ± 0,8 | 1.27 ± 0.6 | 3.23 | 0.006 ** | −20.27% | 1.27 |
| Confusion | 1.77 ± 0.56 | 0.97 ± 0.56 | 8.82 | <0.000 *** | −45.21% | 3.46 |
| Vigor | 1.46 ± 0.75 | 2.05 ± 0.69 | −4.35 | 0.001 ** | 40.64% | 1.71 |
| Anxiety (STAI-S) | 50.26 ± 13.91 | 39.19 ± 9.41 | 4.88 | <0.000 *** | −22.03% | 1.91 |
Note: POMS: Profile of Mood States; STAI-S: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State Anxiety; ES: Effect Size; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; Holm correction was applied; n = 27.