Table 2.
Effects of the forest recreation programme on mood states and anxiety of patients with psychotic disorders.
| Psychological Indices (Psychotic Patients) | Pre-Test | Post-Test | t | p | Rate of Change (%) | ES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||||
| Mood State (POMS) | ||||||
| Tension-anxiety | 1.76 ± 0.97 | 1.18 ± 0.57 | 3.04 | 0.018 * | −32.88% | 1.3 |
| Depression-dejection | 1.46 ± 0.82 | 0.99 ± 0.52 | 3.44 | 0.009 ** | −32.08% | 1.47 |
| Anger-hostility | 1.19 ± 0.51 | 0.95 ± 0.38 | 2.57 | 0.035 * | −20.06% | 1.1 |
| Fatigue | 1.47 ± 0.8 | 1.34 ± 0.52 | 0.85 | 0.404 | −8.90% | 0.36 |
| Confusion | 1.69 ± 0.71 | 0.98 ± 0.53 | 4.72 | 0.001 ** | −41.91% | 2.01 |
| Vigor | 1.53 ± 0.59 | 2.22 ± 0.45 | −5.78 | <0.000 *** | 45.04% | 2.46 |
| Anxiety (STAI-S) | 49.39 ± 9.08 | 38.57 ± 6.56 | 5.68 | <0.000 *** | −21.91% | 2.42 |
Note: POMS: Profile of Mood States; STAI-S: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State Anxiety; ES: Effect Size; * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001; Holm correction was applied; n = 23.