Table 1.

Pharmacological inhibitors and their functions.

Pharmacological Inhibitor	Function
Actinomycin D	Transcription inhibitor: Binds DNA at the transcription initiation complex and prevents elongation of RNA chain by RNA polymerase.
AG1296	Inhibitor of PDGFR: Inhibits the phosphorylation of autophosphorylation sites of the PDGFR.
Akt inhibitor VIII	Inhibitor of Akt: An allosteric inhibitor of Akt1 and Akt2 that less effectively blocks Akt3 activity.
Cycloheximide	Translation inhibitor: Inhibits translation elongation through binding to the E-site of the 60S ribosomal unit and interfering with deacetylated tRNA.
c-Src inhibitor II	Inhibitor of c-Src: A potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of Src family tyrosine kinases.
LY294002	Inhibitor of PI3K: Inhibits PI3K activity via competitive inhibition of an ATP binding site on the p85α subunit.
PF431396	Inhibitor of Pyk2: An ATP-competitive inhibitor of PYK2/FAK (focal adhesion kinase).
p38 MAPK inhibitor VIII	Inhibitor of p38 MAPK: Inhibits p38α and p38β MAP kinase.
SP600125	Inhibitor of JNK1-3: A reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor.
Tanshinone IIA	Inhibitor of AP-1: Inhibits AP-1 activity by suppressing jun-fos (members of the transcription factor AP-1 family)-DNA complex formation.