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. 2019 Dec 25;21(1):163. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010163

Table 1.

The behavioral and physiological effects of different Hericium erinaceus extracts in the studies of depression.

Types of Study Authors Material Studied Method of Extraction Dose and Dosage Research Model Behavioural Effects Physiological Effects/Mechanism
Pre-clinical Yao et al., 2015 [33] Amycenone®, H. erinaceus fruiting body extract (0.5% hericenones and 6% amyloban) Patented extraction 50, 100, or 200 * mg/kg amycenone (Amyloban® 3399), administered 60 min prior to 0.5 mg/kg LPS injection; P.O. Male C57BL/6N mus musculus (LPS-induced inflammation model of depression) Anti-inflammatory and antidepressant-like effects

  • Attenuate a rise in the serum TNF-α level induced by LPS

  • Increase the serum IL-10 level induced by LPS
Ryu et al., 2017 [32] H. erinaceus Ethanolic extract 10, 60 * mg/kg daily for 4 weeks; P.O. Male C57BL/6 mus musculus Antidepressant-like and anxiolytic effects

  • Increase PCNA+, Ki67, BrdU+ cells.

  • Hippocampal neurogenesis.
Chiu et al., 2018 [31] Erinacine A enriched H. erinaceus mycelium Ethanolic extract 100, 200 *, and 400 * mg/kg daily for 4 weeks; P.O. 50 (10/group) male ICR mus musculus (14 days restraint stress induced model of depression) Antidepressant-like effects

  • Induce BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathways.

  • Inhibit NF-κB signalling

  • Reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels

  • Increase 5-HT, DA, NE levels
Clinical Nagano et al., 2010 [77] H. erinaceus fruiting body Water extract 500 * mg powdered fruiting body of H. erinaceus (Aso Biotech Inc) per cookie, 4 cookies daily for 4 weeks; P.O. 30 female participants Alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety

  • N.A.
Inanaga, 2014 [78] Amycenone®, H. erinaceus fruiting body extract (0.5% hericenones and 6% amyloban) Patented extraction 1950 mg/tablet (Amyloban® 3399) 6 tablets, divided into 2 or 3 doses /day for 6 months; P.O. 1 male patient Improve neurocognitive impairment

  • N.A
Okamura et al., 2015 [79] Amycenone®, H. erinaceus fruiting body extract (0.5% hericenones and 6% amyloban) Patented extraction 1950 mg/tablet (Amyloban® 3399) 6 tablets, divided into 2 or 3 doses /day for 4 weeks; P.O. 8 female healthy participants Alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety
Alleviate sleep disorders

  • Increase salivary levels of free-MHPG
Vigna et al., 2019 [80] H. erinaceus (80% mycelia and 20% fruiting body) Water and ethanolic extract 1200 * mg per capsules (A.V.D. Reform s.r.l.), 3 capsules/day for 8 weeks; P.O. 62 females and 15 males overweight or obese participants Alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety
Alleviate sleep disorders

  • Increase circulating pro-BDNF level without any significant change in BDNF circulating level

Indicator: * Dose of H. erinaceus with significant antidepressant-like effects.