Hh	hedgehog
EMI	epithelial–mesenchymal interactions
EXG	external genitalia
PCa	prostate cancer
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
Shh	Sonic hedgehog
Ihh	Indian hedgehog
Dhh	Desert hedgehog
Ptch	Patched
Smo	Smoothened
GT	genital tubercle
PSA	prostate specific antigen
CAF	cancer associated fibroblasts
DHT	dihydrotestosterone
CRPC	castration-resistant prostate cancer
AR	androgen receptor
BM	basement membrane
MMP	matrix metalloproteinases