Figure 2.

AuNPs suppress VEGF-induced cell migration in RF/6A cells by the Transwell migration assay. The Transwell inserts were coated with fibronectin (0.3 mg). RF/6A cells (5 × 10⁴ in 200 μL) were seeded in the upper chamber in the absence or presence of AuNPs. The inserts were assembled in the lower chamber, which was filled with 600 μL serum-free medium without VEGF, (A) containing VEGF (25 ng/mL), (B) and preincubated with various concentrations of AuNPs for 30 min at 37 °C. After incubating for 5 h at 37 °C, fixation was performed. RF/6A cells that migrated to the underside of the filter membrane were photographed (A, B) and counted by phase-contrast light microscope under high power field (magnification, 100×); (C) All experiments were conducted in duplicates, and similar results were repeated four times. The results are expressed as a percentage of control and represent the mean ± standard errors (SE) of the eight experiments. * p < 0.05 significantly differs from VEGF-stimulated cells (the fifth bar).