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. 2019 Dec 19;17(1):54. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010054

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) deforming mesh shown on a quarter model of the air puff; and (b) comparison of apical deformation with finite element only models in absence of ALE deforming mesh.