Table 6.

Injured patients involved in canyoning emergencies treated at Innsbruck Medical University Hospital from November 1, 2005 to October 31, 2018.

Injury	n = 55	95.0%	Treatment
Mild traumatic brain injury	3	5.2
Accidental hypothermia I	3	5.2
Chest contusion	2	3.4
Ischial bone fracture	1	1.7
Vertebral column	14	24.1
Single thoracic vertebral body fracture	7	12.1	Dorsal spinal fusion (n = 3)
Distortion of cervical column	5	8.6
Fracture of two thoracic vertebrae	1	1.7	Dorsal spinal fusion (n = 1)
Fracture of two lumbar vertebrae	1	1.7	Dorsal spinal fusion (n = 1)
Upper extremity	14	24.1
Joint or ligament of finger or hand	7	12.1
Upper extremity	3	5.2	Debridement (n = 3)
Wound infection	1	1.7
Forearm fracture	2	3.4	Osteosynthesis (n = 2)
Dislocated shoulder	1	1.7
Contusion of clavicle	1	1.7
Lower extremity	25	43.1
Sprain of the ankle	6	10.3
Sub-dislocation of the talus	5	8.6
Lesion of the lower extremity	4	6.9	Debridement (n = 3)
with infection	2	3.4
Fracture of the ankle	4	6.9
Joint or ligament injuries, knee	3	5.2
Distortion of adductor muscles	1	1.7
Fracture of metatarsal bones	1	1.7
Fracture of great toe	1	1.7
Illness	n = 3	5.0%	Treatment
Gastroenteritis	2	3.4
Acute coronary syndrome	1	1.7	PTCA (n = 1)

PTCA denotes percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; traumatic brain injury was defined as mild (loss of consciousness <30 min), moderate or severe, according to the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) definition [11,12]. Accidental hypothermia was graded in accordance with the Swiss Staging of Hypothermia, where accidental hypothermia I is defined as a body temperature of 32 to 35 °C [13]. Injuries per body region are highlighted in bold. Lesions were any injuries to the tissue not defined as any other injury. Data are presented as absolute and relative frequencies.