Figure 3.

Serum inflammatory cytokines increase after LPS administration and MPTP challenge. Mice were administered with saline solution, mLPS (100 μg/kg twice a week for three months), or sLPS (5 mg/kg), followed by MPTP (30 mg/kg for five consecutive days). The levels of IL1β (a), IL6 (b), IFNγ (c), TNFα (d), IL10 (e), and TGFβ (f) were analyzed by ELISA. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 5‐8) and were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey's post hoc test. Different letters indicate significant differences among the experimental groups (P < 0.05).