Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for initiation of any alcohol use disorder (AUD) medication, stratified by HIV status.
| Characteristic | All, unadjusted Odds ratios (95% CI) n = 35,027 | All, adjusted Odds ratios (95% CI) n = 35,027 | PLWH Odds ratios (95% CI) n = 10,603 | Uninfected Odds ratios (95% CI) n = 24,424 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV-infection | 0.69 (0.54–0.88) | 0.66 (0.51–0.85) | n/a | n/a |
| Male | 0.80 (0.39–1.62) | 0.70 (0.22–2.28) | 0.84 (0.34–2.06) | |
| Age (per 10-year increase) | 0.72 (0.64–0.81) | 0.78 (0.61–0.99) | 0.70 (0.61–0.80) | |
| Race/ethnicitya | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Black | 0.62 (0.49–0.78) | 0.63 (0.39–1.00) | 0.63 (0.48–0.83) | |
| Hispanic | 1.02 (0.71–1.47) | 0.50 (0.17–1.43) | 1.20 (0.81–1.78) | |
| Other | 1.02 (0.50–2.11) | 0.92 (0.22–3.91) | 1.07 (0.47–2.46) | |
| Hepatitis C | 0.87 (0.68–1.12) | 0.97 (0.60–1.58) | 0.86 (0.64–1.16) | |
| Opioid use disorder | 1.13 (0.83–1.53) | 1.07 (0.60–1.93) | 1.16 (0.81–1.66) | |
| Stimulant/amphetamine use | 1.25 (0.81–1.93) | 1.45 (0.72–2.95) | 1.13 (0.65–1.99) | |
| Current smoking | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | 0.93 (0.57–1.53) | 1.06 (0.80–1.40) | |
| Comorbid mental illnessb | 0.91 (0.73–1.14) | 0.85 (0.53–1.36) | 0.93 (0.72–1.19) | |
| Episode year (1-year increments) | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | |
| Urban | 1.03 (0.81–1.31) | 1.19 (0.71–2.00) | 0.99 (0.75–1.29) | |
| Facility complexity | ||||
| 1a (most complex) | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| 1b | 0.77 (0.58–1.03) | 0.73 (0.40–1.33) | 0.83 (0.60–1.15) | |
| 1c | 0.76 (0.56–1.03) | 0.41 (0.18–0.92) | 0.89 (0.0.63–1.25) | |
| 2 | 0.50 (0.32–0.78) | 0.20 (0.05–0.87) | 0.58 (0.36–0.93) | |
| 3 (least complex) | 0.41 (0.19–0.85) | 0.14 (0.02–1.08) | 0.36 (0.19–0.69) | |
| Availability of weekend hours | 1.01 (0.80–1.26) | 1.32 (0.81–2.16) | 0.92 (0.71–1.19) | |
| Availability of evening hours | 0.60 (0.40–0.90) | 0.26 (0.12–0.58) | 0.74 (0.47–1.17) | |
| Presence of on-site 12-step programming | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | 0.62 (0.38–1.02) | 1.12 (0.84–1.49) | |
| Presence of on-site opioid agonist treatment for opioid use disorder | 1.40 (1.08–1.82) | 2.80 (1.45–5.40) | 1.18 (0.89–1.57) | |
| cART receipt | 0.76 (0.47–1.23) | |||
| CD4 cell count ≥ 200 | 1.40 (0.81–2.41) | |||
| Undetectable HIV-1 RNA viral load (< 500 copies/mL) | 0.88 (0.57–1.36) |
Associations with p < 0.05 are shown in bold.
The adjusted model included all variables listed in the table.
a
Race and ethnicity were collected as separate variables, but all patients identifying as having Hispanic ethnicity are described here as “Hispanic” regardless of race. Those who did not identify as having Hispanic ethnicity are described here according to race.
b
Comorbid mental illness included diagnoses in the prior year for schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, or bipolar disorder.