Table 3.
Use of ADHD medication and risk of composite serious cardiovascular event in children and adolescents with ADHD and ASD
| Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) | ||
|---|---|---|
| ADHD | ASD | |
| Crude (matched only) analyses | ||
| Current exposure (reference: not currently exposed) | 1.08 (0.78–1.49) | 0.49 (0.20–1.20) |
| Exposed in past 90 days (reference: not exposed in past 90 days)a | 1.06 (0.72–1.54) | 0.30 (0.10–0.89) |
| Ever prior exposed (reference: never prior exposed)b | 1.15 (0.39–3.39) | 0.41 (0.08–2.06) |
| Control for adjustment set 1, current exposure (reference: not currently exposed) | ||
| Weighted analysis | 0.97 (0.68–1.38) | 0.49 (0.20–1.25) |
| Conditional logistic regression | 1.11 (0.78–1.59) | 0.48 (0.17–1.40) |
| Control for adjustment set 2, current exposure (reference: not currently exposed) | ||
| Weighted analysis | 0.97 (0.68–1.39) | 0.71 (0.28–1.83) |
| Conditional logistic regression | 1.10 (0.75–1.61) | 1.20 (0.33–4.41) |
| Crude (matched only) in subgroup, current exposure (reference: not currently exposed) | ||
| Exclude individuals with CCSD, CHF, or cardiology visitc | 1.01 (0.66–1.56) | 0.57 (0.16–2.04) |
Covariate set 1: matching variables, underlying cardiovascular risk, and healthcare resource use
Covariate set 2: covariate set 1, serious medical and psychiatric comorbidities, psychotropic medications, and beta-blocker use
Logistic regression for ASD adjustment set 1 is without CHF or PAD, else model cannot converge. Likewise, logistic regression for ASD adjustment set 2 is without CHF, PAD, cancer, or renal disease
ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ASD autism spectrum disorder, CCSD congenital circulatory system disorders, CHF congestive heart failure, PAD peripheral artery disease
aWhere cases and 10 matched controls have at least 120 days pre-index enrollment (ADHD cases: n = 123; ASD cases n = 33)
bWhere cases and 10 matched controls have at least 365 days pre-index enrollment (ADHD cases: n = 30; ASD cases n = 9)
cWhere cases and 10 matched controls have no CCSD, CHF, or cardiology visit (ADHD cases: n = 106; ASD cases n = 19)