Table 4.
Current use of ADHD medication and risk of specific serious cardiovascular events in children and adolescents with ADHD and ASD
| Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | ASD | |||||
| Stroke | Serious cardiac arrhythmia | Myocardial infarction | Stroke | Serious cardiac arrhythmia | Myocardial infarctiona | |
| Current use (reference: not currently exposed) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – |
| Crude (matched only) analyses | 0.99 (0.64–1.54) | 1.20 (0.72–1.98) | 0.84 (0.17–4.13) | 0.52 (0.14–1.84) | 0.62 (0.17–2.24) | – |
| Control for adjustment set 1 | 0.90 (0.57–1.41) | 0.96 (0.55–1.68) | 1.07 (0.21–5.60) | 0.59 (0.16–2.14) | 0.43 (0.10–1.74) | – |
| Control for adjustment set 2 | 0.84 (0.53–1.31) | 1.03 (0.57–1.83) | 0.83 (0.15–4.51) | 0.68 (0.19–2.47) | 0.90 (0.23–3.54) | – |
Covariate set 1: matching variables, underlying cardiovascular risk, and healthcare resource use
Covariate set 2: covariate set 1, serious medical and psychiatric comorbidities, psychotropic medications, and beta-blocker use
ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ASD autism spectrum disorder
aUnable to fit models due to only 1 case with myocardial infarction in the ASD cohort (who was unexposed, compared to 2 out of 10 controls exposed)