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. 2019 Dec 24;25(1):75. doi: 10.3390/molecules25010075

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of the calcium concentration on LMP film 3-point bend testing. (A) Representative 3-point bend tracings of LMP films with 0, 1, 5, and 10 mM calcium concentrations. (B) The peak force required for 5 mm blade displacement was significantly greater in LMP films with 5 and 10 mM calcium concentrations (p < 0.001). (C) Toughness, here measuring the resistance to deformation, was significantly greater in the 10 mM calcium films (p < 0.01). (D) The resilience, reflecting the ratio of the work of displacement and its corresponding stored energy, demonstrated that the resilience of 0 mM calcium films was significantly greater than that of the 10 mM calcium film (p < 0.01). Error bars = 1 SD.