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. 2019 Dec 23;20(1):103. doi: 10.3390/s20010103

Table 1.

Different nomenclature given to metabolic syndrome (MetS) conditions over the years.

Year Nomenclature Risk Factors Included Proposed By
1923 Hypertoni–Hyperglycemi–Hyperurikemi syndrome Hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperurecemia Kylin
1966 Trisyndrome metabolique Gout, diabetes, hyperlipidemia Camus
1967 Plurimetabolic syndrome Hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease Avogaro and Crepaldi
1968 Wohlstands-syndrom (Syndrome of affluence) Hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease Mehnert and Kuhlmann
1981 Metabolische-syndrom (Metabolic syndrome) Hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, gout, thrombophilia Hanefeld and Leonhardt
1988 Syndrome X Impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides, cholesterol, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) G.M. Reaven
1989 Deadly quartet Central adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension Kaplan
1991–1992 Insulin resistance syndrome Insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia DeFronzo and Ferranini,
Haffner
1994 Visceral fat syndrome Visceral fat, diabetes, dyslipidemia Nakamura and Matsuzawa