Table 1.
Year | Nomenclature | Risk Factors Included | Proposed By |
---|---|---|---|
1923 | Hypertoni–Hyperglycemi–Hyperurikemi syndrome | Hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperurecemia | Kylin |
1966 | Trisyndrome metabolique | Gout, diabetes, hyperlipidemia | Camus |
1967 | Plurimetabolic syndrome | Hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease | Avogaro and Crepaldi |
1968 | Wohlstands-syndrom (Syndrome of affluence) | Hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease | Mehnert and Kuhlmann |
1981 | Metabolische-syndrom (Metabolic syndrome) | Hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, gout, thrombophilia | Hanefeld and Leonhardt |
1988 | Syndrome X | Impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides, cholesterol, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) | G.M. Reaven |
1989 | Deadly quartet | Central adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension | Kaplan |
1991–1992 | Insulin resistance syndrome | Insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia | DeFronzo and Ferranini, Haffner |
1994 | Visceral fat syndrome | Visceral fat, diabetes, dyslipidemia | Nakamura and Matsuzawa |