Table 1.
Overview of the latest impedimetric biosensors for Escherichia coli detection.
| Functionalization Scheme |
Functionalization Time (h) | LOD (CFU mL−1) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Au-MHDA-Ab | 18 * | 2 | [44] |
| Au-Cys-Ferrocene-Ab | 20 * | 3 | [45] |
| Au-MUA/UDT-Ab | 20 * | 100 | [46] |
| Au-PrG thiol-Ab | 10 | 140 | [47] |
| Au-AuNPs-PrG thiol-Ab | 24 * | 48 | [47] |
| Au-PANI-Glu-Ab | >2 | 100 | [48] |
| Au-Ab (PIT activated) | 1 | 30 | This work |
Ab: antibody; MHDA: 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid; Cys: Cysteamine; AuNPs: gold nanoparticles; PrG: Protein G; PANI: polyaniline; Glu: Glutaraldehyde; MUA: 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid; UDT: 1-undecanethiol. * These times have been evaluated by considering overnight as 16 h.