Table 2.

Performance summary and comparison.

Parameter	[12]	[14]	[16]	This Work
Technology	0.25 $\mathsf{\mu }$m BiCMOS	1 $\mathsf{\mu }$m SOI	130 nm CMOS	180 nm CMOS
Physical signal type	Acoustic	Acoustic (high	Temperature/Tilt/	Acoustic
for sensing		temperature)	Acceleration
Operating frequency [MHz]	900	1.4	1900	433.92
Modulation	FM	OOK/Chirp	OOK	BPSK/DPSK
Standby Mode	No	No	Yes (off-chip)	Yes (on-chip)
Supply voltage * [V]	1.8–2.8	5	0.65	1.8 (2.5 for PA)
VCO tuning range [MHz]	891–939	1.376–1.424	N.A.	290–1040
PLL phase noise	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	−100.36 dBc/Hz
				@ 1 MHz offset
Output power [dBm]	3	N.A.	0.8	5.7
Area * [mm${}^2]$	1.215	27.5	1	1.76
Power consumption * [mW]	26	12–19	1.35	Normal mode: 25.1
				Standby mode: 0.058
Transmission distance	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	>500 m

* Only on-chip parts.