| PAL | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase |
| C4H | cinnamate-4-hydroxylase |
| PCH | p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase |
| COMT | caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase |
| 4CL | 4-coumaroyl-CoA synthase |
| CHS | chalcone synthase |
| CHI | chalcone isomerase |
| F3′H | flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase |
| F3′5′H | flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase |
| F3H | flavanone 3β-hydroxylase |
| DFR | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase |
| LDOX | leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase |
| 3GT | anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase |
| OMT | anthocyanin 3′-methyltransferase |
| UGT75C1 | anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase |
| 3AT | anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 6″-O-acyltransferase |
| CYP75A | flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase |
| AOMT | flavonoid 3′,5′-methyltransferase |
| FLS | flavonol synthase |
| UDPG | flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase |
| LAR | leucoanthocyanidin reductase |
| ANR | anthocyanidin reductase |