Table 3.

Use cases, design challenges, and future directions in industrial control systems.

Application Domain	Objectives/Use Cases	Future Directions
Managing IoT Devices [46]	Save data coming from meter and smart phone	Requires large storage, not time efficient
Smart Home [47]	Lightweight security, symmetric encryption employed for smart home	Explore applications in other IoT Domain
Secure Energy Trading in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) [48]	Maximize economic benefits of credit banks	Schemes designed for extreme scenarios with excellent or poor credit values
Electric vehicles cloud and edge [49]	Data contribution frequency and energy contribution are applied to achieve the proof of work	Hybrid cloud computing and edge computing for center-less trust, collaborative intelligence, and spatio-temporal sensitivity
Distributed control system for edge computing [50]	Higher level performing supervision and strategic decisions and lower level having direct control of devices and processes	Executive level responsible for process control
BSeIn [51]	Secure mutual authentication with access control for industry 4.0	Integrating intra-organizational value networks
Bubbles of trust [52]	Secure virtual zones where things can identify and trust each other	Cooperation between virtual zones
Blockchain meets IoT [54]	scalable access management in IoT	Requires adaptable technology for IoT scenarios
Device management scheme on blockchain [55], privacy preserving [56]	Sharing of device information without breaching confidentiality	Possibility of anonymizing the data, other challenges and solutions include fault tolerance, policy enforcement, non-reputation, trust [57]